Despite serving as the principal basis of U.S. climate policy over the past two decades, corporate voluntary environmental programs have been subject to quite limited evaluation. The self-selection of participants—an essential element of such initiatives—poses particular challenges to researchers because the decision to participate may not be random and, in fact, may be correlated with the outc...

Despite the growing importance of voluntary programs as tools for environmental management, they have been subject to quite limited evaluation. Program evaluation in the absence of randomized experiments is difficult because the decision to participate may not be random and, in particular, may be correlated with the outcomes. The present study is designed to overcome these problems by gauging h...

Studies suggested that electronic social sites are popular with undergraduates. Virtual worlds, one of the emergent facets of the Internet, are also seeing tremendous worldwide participation. Of interest to educators is the applicability of this new technology as a learning tool. As a result, this study was untaken to empirically examine undergraduate familiarity and interest in virtual worlds ...

Bid preferences in procurement auctions allow firms from an identifiable group an advantage in bidding against unfavored firms. While economic efficiency is expected to fall as a result of bid preferences, government procurement costs may either increase or decrease depending on the competitive response of favored and unfavored firms. This paper uses data from California auctions for road const...

I re-examine the brightness temperature problem in PKS 0405-385 which is an extreme intra-day variable radio quasar with an inferred brightness temperature of ∼ 5×10 K at 5 GHz, well above the Compton catastrophe limit of ∼ 10 K reached when the synchrotron photon energy density exceeds the energy density of the magnetic field. If one takes into account the uncertainty in the distance to the io...

In 1994 MetLife paid claims from group health policy insured for 1,004 radical prostatectomies and 1,597 transurethral resections of the prostate (TURPs). The total average hospital and physician charges were $18,680 and $7,600, respectively, with marked geographic variation evident for both procedures by area and state. The Pacific area led with a total charge of $20,790 for a radical prostate...

20.1 Fundamentals of Network Traffic Monitoring and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 20.1.1 What Are the Traffic Measurement Problems? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 20.1.2 Traffic Matrix Measurement . . . . . . . . . . 385 20.1.3 Traffic VolumeMeasurement . . . . . . . . . 385 20.1.4 Traffic Dynamics Measurement . . . . . . . 385 20.1.5 Traffic Mixture ...

A total of 261 subjects (median age: 23 years) participated in this online experiment. We recruited participants from undergraduate classes at the University of Zurich (Switzerland). 50 percent of the participants were economics and finance students, 40 percent psychology students, and 10 percent students from other fields. 42 percent were women and 58 percent were men (distributed across the f...

BACKGROUND Return to sports after total hip or knee replacement surgery has been extensively described. However, the return to general sporting activities after shoulder replacement surgery has not been well documented. With improved implant survivorship, patient expectation of function is high. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome and ability of patients returning to s...

BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT Many countries are giving patients a more active role in health care, on both the individual and collective level. This study focuses on one aspect of the participation agenda on the individual level: self-management. The study explores self-management in practice, including the implications of the difficulties encountered. OBJECTIVE To gain insight into the complexity ...