Calcium added to the solution bathing the outside of isolated frog skin caused a reversible decrease in net sodium transport across the skin. At constant sodium concentration, the inhibition of transport increased with increasing calcium concentration, but approached a limiting value. This maximum degree of inhibition was found to depend on sodium concentration; sodium transport could be inhibi...

The physiological adjustments of man to high environmental temperatures have been studied extensively in the adult. However, the influence of environmental temperature on the water and electrolyte balance of infants has not been adequately determined. This paper reports the changes in the distribution of body water and electrolyte which occurred in infants exposed to heat stress. Accurate balan...

The present study has investigated the synthesis of copper nanoparticles via copper dismutation reaction in an aqueous solution and ambient conditions. Copper (II) chloride hydrate ( ), sodium oleate (SO), sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethylene diamine (EN) have been used as copper (I, II) ions source, surfactant, chloride ions supplier and ligand, respectively. Also, an amount of hydrochloric aci...

Beef ground round inoculated with 1,000,000 spores of Clostridium botulinum 33-A per gram and containing various additives was exposed to gamma radiation. Spores were inactivated in samples (irradiated at 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 Mrad) which contained sodium nitrate (1,000 ppm) plus sodium chloride (2.5%). Similar results were obtained when sodium nitrite (200 ppm) was substituted for sodium nitrate, ...

in order to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of postharvest salicylic acid and calcium chloride on shelf life, quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of peach fruit cv. amesden, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized completely design with three replications. fruits were harvested at the commercial ripening stage, and fruits were immerged in differ...

Epidemiologic surveys, experimental studies in animals, and clinical trials in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension indicate that dietary potassium lowers blood pressure. The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect is not well defined. Variations in serum potassium within the physiologic range may directly affect vascular smooth muscle tone. Potassium may also influence the regulat...

This study was conducted to assess whether silicon (Si) supply can alleviate the harmful effects of severe salinity in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Plants were grown on non-saline (0 mM NaCl) or saline (200 nutrient media supplemented not with 0.5 Si. Salinity impacted plant morphology and induced sodium chloride accumulation within tissues. It significantly affected almost all measured parameters...

Hematocrit, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, glucose, and pH were measured in whole blood of 1,522 channel catfish collected from 3 commercial food-fish ponds in the Mississippi Delta. Samples were collected from March 1995 to March 1996 to monitor seasonal fluctuations. A total of 10-20 fish were arbitrarily collected with snag lines from each pond on each sample day. The mean monthly hem...

Osmotically balanced solutions of glucose (0.5-300 mM) and sodium chloride, containing cetrimonium bromide (cetrimide, 0.8-4.1 mM), were instilled into the jejunum, ileum and colon of anaesthetized rats. Net transport of glucose, sodium and potassium was studied by their disappearance from, or accumulation into the intestinal lumen during 15 min incubation. Cetrimide caused the following shifts...

The effects of anion-transport inhibitors on volume reabsorption, and total CO(2) concentrations were examined by in vivo microperfusion of superficial proximal convoluted tubules of rats. The luminal perfusion solution was a high-chloride, low-bicarbonate solution like that in the in vivo late proximal tubule. The anion-transport inhibitors were only added to the luminal perfusion solutions. I...