Fast-twitch skeletal muscles are specialized for in vivo motor functions that require high power (mastication and load lifting), high speed (eyelid blink), or a combination of the two (withdrawal reflexes and escape responses). Those functions that rely on high power often involve tetanic stimulation of the effector muscles, resulting in sustained force generation even during tetani that are no...

We developed an adenoviral vector, in which Yamanaka’s four reprogramming factors (RFs) were controlled by individual CMV promoters in a single cassette (Ad-SOcMK). This permitted coordinated expression of RFs (SOX2, OCT3/4, c-MYC and KLF4) in a cell for a transient period of time, synchronizing the reprogramming process with the majority of transduced cells assuming induced pluripotent stem ce...

Fast-twitch skeletal muscles are specialized for in vivo motor functions that require high power (mastication and load lifting), high speed (eyelid blink), or a combination of the two (withdrawal reflexes and escape responses). Those functions that rely on high power often involve tetanic stimulation of the effector muscles, resulting in sustained force generation even during tetani that are no...

The functionality of living cells is inherently linked to subunits with dimensions ranging from several micrometers down the nanometer scale. cell surface plays a particularly important role. Electric signaling, including information processing, takes place at membrane, as well adhesion and contact. For osteoblasts, spreading are crucial processes regard bone implants. Here we present comprehen...

Three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures have offered unprecedented material performances in diverse applications like energy storages, catalysts, electronic, mechanical, and photonic devices. These outstanding are attributed to unusual properties at the nanoscale, enormous surface areas, a geometrical uniqueness, comparable feature sizes with optical wavelengths. For practical use of nanoscale...

This communication describes the growth and parallel patterning of 1D DNA nanofibers, exceeding several hundred micrometers in length and 40 nm in diameter, induced by solvent evaporation.

N-Nitrosomorpholine, administered with drinking water to SD rats at the daily dose of 2.4 mg/kg for 7 weeks, induces persisting changes in the hepatocytes as shown by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. In situ, the hepatocytes exhibit a heterogeneous reaction for glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Cells of large diameter, frequently deficient in this enzyme, contain a well-developed rough and/...