DNA spools, structures in which DNA is wrapped and helically coiled onto itself or onto a protein core, are ubiquitous in nature. We develop a general theory describing the nonequilibrium behavior of DNA spools under linear tension. Two puzzling and seemingly unrelated recent experimental findings, the sudden quantized unwrapping of nucleosomes and that of DNA toroidal condensates under tension...

A new organic-inorganic hybrid, [Pb(2)I(4)(C(4)H(13)N(3))](n), was obtained by the reaction of C(4)N(3)H(10) and PbI(2) at room temperature. The structure is a three-dimensional polymer resulting from the association of PbI(6) octa-hedra and a mixed lead organic-inorganic PbI(4)(C(4)N(3)H(13)) coordination polyhedron. Both Pb atoms, two I atoms and one N atom lie on a mirror plane. N-H⋯I hydrog...

We studied the growth and ordering of a Pb layer deposited on Cu(001) at 150 K. Contrary to the case of adsorption of Pb at room temperature, islands readily form. These islands order in a high-order commensurate structure of symmetry ( √ 61× √ 61)Rtan (

Atomically uniform Pb films are successfully prepared on Si(111), despite a large lattice mismatch. Angle-resolved photoemission measurements of the electronic structure show layer-resolved quantum well states which can be correlated with dramatic variations in thermal stability. The odd film thicknesses N = 5, 7, and 9 monolayers show sharp quantum well states. The even film thicknesses N = 6 ...

catecholamine is a group of neurotransmitters that is believed to be responsible for the normal function of animal brain. physiological and behavioral changes of human body have been reported due to the damage of the brain function following lead exposure. due to the assumption of lead disposal in brain tissue with two year for its half-life, which results in alteration of brain function, we in...

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare premixed insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) vs premixed human insulin 30 (BHI 30) on efficacy, safety, fetal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies associated with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. This was the first randomized study to use pre mixed insulin analogue [BIAsp] in GDM. METHODS The study population consisted of 76 GDM women assigned...

There are two type of scales present simultaneously in the space-like as well as in the time-like directions in a model-class describing a cylindrically symmetric, finite, three-dimensionally expanding boson source. One type of the scales is related to the finite lifetime or geometrical size of the system, the other type is governed by the rate of change of the local momentum distribution in th...