OBJECTIVES To assess the immunogenicity of vaccines for infants and to investigate whether the incidence of reactogenicity is reduced after each immunisation dose using needles of varying lengths and gauges. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING 18 general practices within two UK primary care trusts. PARTICIPANTS 696 healthy infants vaccinated at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, with foll...

Iris cysts can arise from iris pigment epithelium or stroma. We present 3 cases of iris cysts which have been managed in different ways. In a one-month neonate, cyst was punctured with keratome and gentle diode laser endophotocoagulation was applied to the base. A2.5-month infant presented with watering and blepharospasm since birth. Clear fluid was aspirated from the cyst with a 27-gauge needl...

Objective To compare rates of local reactionsassociated with two needle sizes used to administerroutine immunisations to infants.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Routine immunisation clinics in eight generalpractices in Buckinghamshire.Participants Healthy infants attending for thirdprimary immunisation due at 16 weeks of age: 119infants were recruited,...

background and aims . dentists administer thousands of local anesthetic injections every day. injection to a highly vascular area such as pterygomandibular space during an inferior alveolar nerve block has a high risk of intravascular needle entrance. accidental intravascular injection of local anesthetic agent with vasoconstrictor may result in cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicit...

PURPOSE To describe an intravitreal injection technique using a commercially available 29-gauge insulin needle syringe (29GN syringe) and a 21-gauge (G) needle, comparing compound waste associated with this technique application and the one described in ranibizumab (Lucentis) kit instructions. METHODS Ten 0.3 ml doses of distilled water were aspirated using the 29GN syringe and 21G needle (PT...

BACKGROUND Zygomatic arch is a bony arch constituting the lateral midface, which consists of 25% of all midface fractures. There are a number of ways to evaluate the extent of zygomatic arch fracture. Some authors have reported successful treatment outcomes using ultrasound (U/S). To add to the previous methods, we have considered ways to accurately display the location of the fracture line whi...

Gu et al. use ultra-high resolution ocular coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) in the guinea pig eye model to evaluate suprachoroidal drug delivery using 10to 20-lL injections of either saline, indocyanine green (ICG), or triamcinolone acetate (TA). The authors have an elegantly designed study that measures the cross-sectional area of the suprachoroidal space (SCS) using these various injections at ...

Core needle biopsy is a safe procedure, with very few severe complications. The doctor administering the biopsy has to balance sample adequacy versus the complication rate when choosing which needle size to use. Larger needles produce better samples with fewer passes. However, larger needles also produce more bleeding in blood rich organs such as kidney or liver. We undertook this study because...

Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration play an important role in clarifying the physiopathological mechanisms and testing novel therapeutic strategies. The objective of the present study is to describe a simple animal model of disc degeneration involving Wistar rats to be used for research studies. Disc degeneration was confirmed and classified by radiography, magnetic resonance and ...