This paper describes various components of the macromolecular crystallographic refinement program REFMAC5, which is distributed as part of the CCP4 suite. REFMAC5 utilizes different likelihood functions depending on the diffraction data employed (amplitudes or intensities), the presence of twinning and the availability of SAD/SIRAS experimental diffraction data. To ensure chemical and structura...

Objectives: Presence/absence of cervical lymph node metastasis plays a critical role in prognosis and survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study was designed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) scan for detection of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral SCC in comparison with histopathological analysis after neck dissection Methods: In...

Underground displacement monitoring is a key means to monitor and evaluate geological disasters and geotechnical projects. There exist few practical instruments able to monitor subsurface horizontal and vertical displacements simultaneously due to monitoring invisibility and complexity. A novel underground displacement 3D measuring sensor had been proposed in our previous studies, and great eff...

In this paper, a functions localized network with branch gates (FLN-bg) is studied, which consists of a basic network and a branch gate network. The branch gate network is used to determine which intermediate nodes of the basic network should be connected to the output node with a gate coefficient ranging from 0 to 1. This determination will adjust the outputs of the intermediate nodes of the b...

Lateral pile response of the 3 × square group has been investigated in terms lateral displacement and maximum bending moment using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Soil is represented 8-node isoparametric elements. Piles cap are modelled 20-node The 16-node interface elements used to establish continuity between surrounding soil. by modified Cam clay criterion. entire code developed F...

Higher-order two-dimensional as well as low and higher-order threedimensional new Hybrid/Mixed (H/M) finite elements based on independently assumed displacement, and judiciously chosen strain fields, denoted by HMFEM-2, are developed here for applications in macro-mechanics. The idea of these new H/M finite elements is based on collocating the components of the independent strain field, with th...

2 Graphs with One Interior Node 2 2.1 Basic Recovery Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2 Example: The Kite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.3 Quadrilaterals: A Pictorial Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.4 The Square Root Trick . . . . . . ....

A new optimization algorithm is proposed, since a huge problem that many algorithms faced was not being able to effectively balance the global and local search ability. Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, gas, which presents different motion characteristics. Inspired by multi- states of matter, individuals have characteristics could present The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) approach c...

The present paper is devoted to the determination of displacement, stresses and temperature from three dimensional anisotropic half spaces due to presence of heat source. The normal mode analysis technique has been used to the basic equations of motion and generalized heat conduction equation proposed by Green-Naghdi model-II [1]. The resulting equation are written in the form of a vector –matr...