AIMS Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and two-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) are used in most centres for guiding transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. ASDs have complex shapes that are not well characterized with 2D imaging. Real-time 3D TEE (RT3D TEE) provides en-face visualization of the ASD, allowing precise assessment of ASD dimensions. Accordingly, o...

OBJECTIVE To compare the last generation of 3-dimensional imaging (3D) vs standard 2-dimensional imaging (2D) laparoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted during the 4th Minimally Invasive Urological Surgical Week Course held in Braga (Portugal) in April 2013. The course participants and faculty were asked to perform standardized tasks in the dry laborato...

We present here the Fast Sampling Plane Filtering (FSPF) algorithm, which reduces the volume of the 3D point cloud by sampling points from the depth image, and classifying local grouped sets of points as belonging to planes in 3D (called the “plane filtered” points) or points that do not correspond to planes (the “outlier” points). We present a localization algorithm based on an observation mod...

We aimed to determine the metabolic profile and effects of chemotherapy on ovarian cancer cell metabolism in a three-dimensional (3D) vs. a two-dimensional (2D) construct using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Three ovarian cancer cell lines were embedded in a 3D perfused Matrigel construct or grown in a 2D monolayer. Metabolic differenc...

The spatial organization of genomes is non-random, cell-type specific, and has been linked to cellular function. The investigation of spatial organization has traditionally relied extensively on fluorescence microscopy. The validity of the imaging methods used to probe spatial genome organization often depends on the accuracy and precision of distance measurements. Imaging-based measurements ma...

AIMS To assess the usefulness of three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D-TOE) vs. two-dimensional (2D)-TOE in the evaluation of morphological and dynamic findings of aortic dissection, and compare the results with those obtained by multi-slice computed tomography (CT). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-six patients (21 men and 5 women, median age: 67 years, range: 28-74 years) diagno...

This study evaluated the compressibility of multislice CT (MSCT) datasets and its dependence on (1) slice thickness and (2) the use of three-dimensional (3D) vs. 2D JPEG2000 compression methods. Five thoracic CT datasets were obtained using a 16-detector MSCT scanner with a collimation of 0.75 mm (120 kVp, 90 mAs) and reconstructed at five slice thicknesses from 0.75 to 10.0 mm. These datasets ...

Texture boundary detection (or segmentation) is an important capability in human vision. Usually, texture segmentation is viewed as a 2D problem, as the definition of the problem itself assumes a 2D substrate. However, an interesting hypothesis emerges when we ask a question regarding the nature of textures: What are textures, and why did the ability to discriminate texture evolve or develop? A...

abstract: compaction under tractors tires is of special concern because the weight of these machines has increased dramatically in the last years. these machines and others associated with crop cultural practices weight enough to significantly compact the soil, especially if the soil is soft with high moisture content during tilling, planting, or harvesting. the stress distribution and the size...

Background Recently, 3D cine has gained attention due to its capability for single breath-hold volumetric measurement [1]. Nonetheless, conventional 2D cine maintains two intrinsic advantages, namely, its superior blood-myocardium contrast owing to blood in-flow effects and reduced SSFP banding artifacts with more localized slice-by-slice shimming. These advantages are more prominent at high fi...