background: cardiovascular diseases are viewed worldwide as one of the main causes of death.this study aims to report the burden of ischemic heart diseases (ihds) in iran by using data of the global burden of disease (gbd) study, 1990-2010. materials and methods: the gbd study 2010 was a systematic eff ort to provide comprehensive data to calculate disability-adjusted life years (dalys) for dis...

From June 1989, to June 1991, 58 patients with GI polyps were reviewed. Except two patients who had multiple polyps, 56 had only one polyp. The size of polyps were 0.5 to 3 em in diameter. 51 (75%) of polyps were located in the rectosigmoid region, 25 (37%) were in the rectum and 26 (38%) in the sigmoid. (Seventeen) (25%) polyps (two in right colon, four in transverse, and 11 in descending...

BACKGROUND Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share a common risk factor in cigarette smoking and a large portion of patients with lung cancer suffer from COPD synchronously. We therefore hypothesized that COPD is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Our aim was to investigate the intrinsic linkage of COPD (or emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma) and lung c...

A lcohol use is associated with tremendous costs to the drinker, those around him or her, and society as a whole. These costs result from the increased health risks (both physical and mental) associated with alcohol consumption as well as from the social harms caused by alcohol. This issue of Alcohol Research: Current Reviews examines the public health impact of alcohol consumption, looking at ...

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has shown that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke. However, it is not clear about the potential mechanisms through which cigarette smoking affects stroke risk. In the study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of extracranial (ECAS) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). ...

OBJECTIVES We evaluated long-term quality of life of patients successfully treated with either laser-assisted microsurgery alone or combined with adjuvant radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 53 patients who were treated by laser surgery and 16 patients who were treated by laser surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy. Quality of life was evaluated...

BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol use accounted for an estimated average of 23,000 deaths and 633,000 years of potential life lost (YPLL) among women and girls in the United States each year during 2001-2005. Binge drinking accounted for more than half of those deaths and YPLL. Binge drinking also is a risk factor for many health and social problems among women and girls, including unintended and al...

This report includes trends in reported cases of AIDS; trends in prevalence and incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) infection; status of HIV-1 antibody surveys; data on HIV-2; and a comparison of AIDS mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) with other major diseases. By March 14, 1988, a total of 56,212 cases of AIDS had been reported in the US; nearly 10,000 of ...

There is limited research about head injury. In this existing data study, 2443 admission records of 28367 patients that confer to Loghman Medical Center from 1986-1991 were analyzed. Several factors including age, sex, type and cause of injury, mortality and morbidity were investigated. Overall, the most common age group were 20-40 years, but the most common age group in female patients were 3-...

The User Requirements Notation (URN), standardized by the International Telecommunication Union in 2008, is used to model and analyze requirements with goals and scenarios. This paper describes the first ten years of development of URN, and discusses ongoing efforts targeting the next ten years. We did a study inspired by the systematic literature review approach, querying five major search eng...