This study aimed to understand how the introduction of Cichla kelberi in Rosana Reservoir (Paranapanema River) affected the native ichthyofauna. Data on the structure of the small fish fauna assemblage were obtained before and after the introduction of this carnivorous species. Samplings were carried out in February and September of 2004, previously to the register of Cichla kelberi in the rese...

Despite current 802.11i security protocol, wireless networks are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Sending a continuous stream of forgery control frames by an attacker can easily flood wireless channel so that the network cannot be available for its associated users. These attacks are possible because wireless control frames do not carry any cryptographic mechanism to detect and di...

IEEE 802.11i standard specifies full authentication and preauthentication for secure handoff in 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN). However, the full authentication is too slow to provide seamless services for handoff users, and preauthentication may fail in highly populated WLANs where it is highly probable that the cache entry of a preauthenticated user is evicted by other users before handoff. In th...

The security mechanisms available in 802.11WLANs are considered to be extremely vulnerable to malicious attacks. This paper proposes a policy-based architecture to protect 802.11 WLANs against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The architecture proposed is based on the 802.1X standard, which forms the basis of the Robust Security Network (RSN) framework. The main focus of our work is...

A large amount of research is devoted to software evolution and program understanding, but these topics are often neglected in software engineering curricula. The CCSE initiative from IEEE/ACM proposes guidelines for the future. At the ICSM’02 conference, a panel was held to establish what should be taught in the future. This working session focuses on what is being taught and what will be taug...

This paper presents a new sender based message logging (SBML) protocol to tolerate simultaneous failures by using the beneficial features of FIFO group communication links effectively. The protocol can lift the inherent weakness of the original SBML by replicating the log information of each message sent to a process group into the volatile storages of its members. Therefore, even if only one p...

Six lines and five testers were crossed in line x tester fashion and the F1s were evaluated under coastal saline situation. The ratio between the estimates of additive and dominance variances indicated preponderance of nonadditive gene action for the characters namely, plant height, number of productive tillers, boot leaf length, panicle length, grain weight per primary panicle and grain yield ...

This article addresses the problem that the expressive power of tree-adjoining grammars (TAGs) is too limited to deal with certain syntactic phenomena, in particular, with scrambling in freeword-order languages. The TAG variants proposed so far in order to account for scrambling are not entirely satisfying. Therefore, the article introduces an alternative extension of TAG that is based on the n...

This paper is a brief survey of IEEE 802.11i based WPA2 or Wi-Fi protected Mode protocol popularly called as Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Mode Protocol. In this paper we tried our best to include all possible information about WPA from trusted sources in a very precise manner. Apart from the above the paper also explores wireless networking standards in brief so that one can become familiar wit...

This paper analyzes the IEEE 802.11i wireless networking standard with respect to data confidentiality, integrity, mutual authentication, and availability. Under our threat model, 802.11i appears to provide effective data confidentiality and integrity when CCMP is used. Furthermore, 802.11i may provide satisfactory mutual authentication and key management, although there are some potential impl...