background: cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the world. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on serum inflammatory markers in untrained middle-aged women. methods: nineteen healthy female middle-aged were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (n=11) and control (n=8) groups. the exercis...

OBJECTIVE To explain the stronger effect of type 2 diabetes on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women compared with men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population consisted of 1,296 nondiabetic subjects and 835 type 2 diabetic subjects aged 45-64 years without cardiovascular disease. The end points were CHD death and a major CHD event (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarc...

BACKGROUND Diabetes is an established risk factor for stroke. Compared to nondiabetic patients, diabetic patients also have an increased risk of new vascular events and death after stroke. We analyzed how differences in long-term survival between diabetic and nondiabetic stroke patients have changed over time, and if differences varied with respect to sex and age. METHODS This population-base...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cumulative incidence of nephrotic-range albuminuria (NRA), the frequency of remission, and the impact on progression, we analyzed data from a prospective cohort study of type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All of the albuminuric type 1 diabetic patients (n = 321, 121 women), who had at least yearly measurements of glomerula...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how educational status influences cardiovascular risk factors and care of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. METHODS From Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey IV, we obtained survey results of 6,835 men and 9,067 women more than 30 years old. We performed multivariate logistic regression to compare cardiovascular risk factors and...

This review highlights factors of importance for the clinical care of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes and microalbuminuria or diabetic nephropathy with particular focus on the role of intensive antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy. Most information in the literature comes from women with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, but this is probably also valid for women with ...

C igarette smoking causes a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate in diabetic patients with normal renal function, independent of confounding factors including severe proteinuria (1). It increases the risk of microalbuminuria and accelerates the progression from microalbuminuria to overt proteinuria as well as the progression of renal failure in patients with type 2 diabetes (2). It is wid...

a 3.5 to 4 fold higher risk of CAD mortality compared to non-diabetic women in the Framingham study. Follow up data for upto 24 years confi rmed the higher mortality rates among diabetic subjects and also a cumulative effect of age and diabetes.15 Co-existence of multiple risk factors among diabetic subjects has been shown to dramatically increase the mortality rates compared to non-diabetic su...