The present study was aimed at the development of aerobic granules in a sequencing batch reactor for the biodegradation of m-cresol. The reactor was started with 100 mg L(-1)of m-cresol. Aerobic granules first appeared within 1 month of the start-up of the reactor. The granules were large and strong and had a compact structure. The diameter of stable granules on day 200 was in the range of 1.5 ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease. Traditional risk factors are insufficient to explain the high cardiovascular disease prevalence. Free p-cresol serum concentrations, mainly circulating as its derivative p-cresyl sulfate, are associated with cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. It is not known if p-cresol is associated wi...

in 0.1 M ionic strength aqueous solution at 120 for the following: 2,4-dihydroxy4'-nitroazobenzene (I), 2,4-dihydroxy-4'-sulfonateazobenzene (II), and p-(2hydroxy-l-naphthylazo) benzenesulfonic acid (III). The reported values of k231 were 4O X 105, 3.6 X 105, and 3.6 X 106 M-1 sec-1. They attributed the much lower values of k23, for these acids than the value3 k23, 2 X 109 M-1 sec-1 kn,' for th...

Bu çalışmada, 5-Metil-4-(2-tiazolilazo)-resorsinolün spektroskopik ve elektrokimyasal davranışı üzerindeki yüzey aktif madde etkileri, nötr pH'ta sulu bir çözeltide incelenmiştir. Araştırmada dodesilpiridinyum klorür (DDPC), setilpiridinyum (CPC) (katyonik), Triton X100, Tween 20 (noniyonik) sodyum dodesil sülfat (SDS) (anyonik) kullanılmıştır. Yüzey maddenin eklenmesi üzerine boyarmaddenin abs...

m-Cresol metabolism under sulfate-reducing conditions was studied with a pure culture of Desulfotomaculum sp. strain Groll. Previous studies with a sulfate-reducing consortium indicated that m-cresol was degraded via an initial para-carboxylation reaction. However, 4-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid was not degraded by strain Groll, and no evidence for ring carboxylation of m-cresol was found. Stra...

High selectively catalytic conversion of lignin-based phenols (m-cresol, p-cresol, and guaiacol) into para-/m-xylene was performed over Pt/HZSM-5 through hydrodeoxygenation and in situ methylation with methanol. It is found that the p-/m-xylene selectivity is uniformly higher than 21%, and even increase up to 33.5% for m-cresol (with phenols/methanol molar ratio of 1/8). The improved p-/m-xylen...

BACKGROUND The uremic syndrome is characterized by a deterioration of kidney function due to the accumulation of uremic toxins. Currently, 100 different uremic toxins have been identified. Uremic toxins are particularly difficult to remove by conventional dialysis treatments and are the major causes of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). p-Cresol is a well-known uremic toxi...

It has previously been proposed that 4-methylphenol (p-cresol) is metabolically activated by oxidation of the methyl group to form a reactive quinone methide. In the present study a new metabolism pathway is elucidated in human liver microsomes. Oxidation of the aromatic ring leads to formation of 4-methyl-ortho-hydroquinone, which is further oxidized to a reactive intermediate, 4-methyl-ortho-...