“Tazkirah” is the term used in Persian and Turkish literature for a collection of lives, most frequently those of poets, but also of saints, sheikhs or calligraphers. A Tazkirah of poets gives a brief biography and examples of each author's work. Tazkirahs are one of the most important and widely expanded biographical works of literature. Tazkirahs as a considerable and inseparable part of manu...

This paper provides early instrumental data recovered for 20 countries of Latin-America and the Caribbean (Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, British Guiana, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, France (Martinique and Guadalupe), Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, El Salvador and Suriname) during the 18th and 19th centuries. The main meteorological variabl...

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the material remains epidemics that affected two parishes in centre Poland 18th and 19th centuries. will present preliminary results research archives (metrical books) compared with both accounts descendants families who died as a result prospecting non-invasive methods (LIDAR).

The clinical picture presented by hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the child is so distinctive that it seems improbable that such a condition, had it been as common as it is now, should have failed to attract attention before Hirschsprung's' presentation of two cases in 1888. There has been, therefore, on the one hand, a tendency, initiated by Osler2 in 1903 with his reprint of the case reporte...

Ruan Yuan, a Chinese contemporary of Tasan, was the last of the high officials who advocated Han studies in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods. As a patron of scholarship at his time, he went beyond his own intellectual propensities and did not set aside all partisans of Song studies. He thus contributed to the harmonisation of Song and Han studies. He also paid particular attention to the Xiaoji...

We investigate the changes of extreme European winter (December-February) precipitation back to 1700 and show for various European regions that return periods of extremely wet and dry winters are subject to significant changes both before and after the onset of anthropogenic influences. Generally, winter precipitation has become more extreme. We also examine the spatial pattern of the changes o...

The aim of this article is to provide a holistic presentation the genesis, intensity, and directions movement, as well spatial temporal distribution German national group which settled in Central Poland from end 18th century 1820–1830 period. This paper analyses determinants inflow immigrants, their geographical origin, social occupational structure. settlers lands were very diverse group. In c...

Why are some countries stupendously rich and others horrendously poor? Social theorists have been captivated by this question since the late 18th century, when Scottish economist Adam Smith addressed the issue in his magisterial work The Wealth of Nations. Smith argued that the best prescription for prosperity is a free-market economy in which the government allows businesses substantial freedo...