accurate estimation of evaporation is important for design, planning and operation of water systems. in arid zones where water resources are scarce, the estimation of this loss becomes more interesting in the planning and management of irrigation practices. this paper investigates the ability of artificial neural networks (anns) technique to improve the accuracy of daily evaporation estimation....

Evaporation, as a major component of the hydrologic cycle, plays a key role in water resources development and management in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. Although there are empirical formulas available, their performances are not all satisfactory due to the complicated nature of the evaporation process and the data availability. This paper explores evaporation estimation methods based o...

Introduction: The possibility of liquid water or brines on the surface of Mars is one of the most important topics in Mars research [1]. Recent results from NASA’s polar lander, Phoenix, have indicated the presence of perchlorates (ClO4 ) in the soil surrounding the landing site [2]. It is likely that these ions associate with either sodium or magnesium [3], which would make them ideal candidat...

in order  to study the effect of drought stress on some growth indices of oil sunflower cultivars, a study was conducted in isfahan. the experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in isfahan (51° 48' e, 32° 40' n).main plots were drought stress in four levels (80, 100, 120, and 140 mm evaporation from evaporation pan class a and cultiv...

The atmospheric radiative forcing is a central theme of climate change impact studies. The presence of Atmospheric Brown Clouds due to increased aerosol concentrations and green house gases such as water vapour, CO2 alter solar radiation and atmospheric thermal regimes. Both have strong feedbacks on open water evaporation. The measured daily global (direct + diffuse) insolation for a period of ...

Limited information is available on water and nitrogen (N) management of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Khuzestan, southwestern Iran, where this crop is currently and extensively grown under heavy irrigation and N fertilization. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted from September 2000 to March 2002 at the Research Department of Karoon Agro-industry in Khuzestan to determine the ...