Survival and endocrine status in a cohort of boys with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) who started treatment between 1972 and 1987 and subsequently developed a testicular relapse were analysed. During this period there was a significant improvement in the overall event free survival for boys, but no significant decrease in the testicular relapse rate. Thirty three boys had an apparently iso...

BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested an association between paternal subfertility and hypospadias among their sons, although the association has not been systematically investigated. We therefore compared male reproductive health among a group of fathers of boys with hypospadias and a group of fathers to normal children. METHODS A total of 64 fathers of boys with hypospadias participated; 3...

Sleep is a vital element of adolescents’ overall health; it influences their body and mind thus affects quality life. Adequate sleep duration are essential for maintaining optimal metabolic health lowering the risk developing several medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease. The current study aimed to assess perceived 1717 European adolescents from three different countries (Spain, Ic...

The publication of Michael Lewis’ Flash Boys in early April, 2014, generated an intense month-long wave of publicity surrounding high frequency trading (HFT) firms, much of it unfavorable. In a typical example, Paul Krugman, writing in a New York Times editorial that appeared just after publication of Flash Boys, conflated HFT trading practices with the proliferation of complex derivatives prod...

UNLABELLED Few qualitative studies have explored adolescent boys' perceptions of health. AIM The aim of this study was therefore to explore how adolescent boys understand the concept of health and what they find important for its achievement. METHODS Grounded theory was used as a method to analyse interviews with 33 adolescent boys aged 16 to 17 years attending three upper secondary schools...

We investigated the influence of sex and puberty stage on circadian urine production and levels of antidiuretic hormone [arginine vasopressin (AVP)] in healthy children. Thirty-nine volunteers (9 prepuberty boys, 10 prepuberty girls, 10 midpuberty boys, and 10 midpuberty girls) were included. All participants underwent a 24-h circadian inpatient study under standardized conditions regarding Na(...

Engagement in antisocial behavior during adolescence is a controversial issue causing social concern and with implications for the adolescents. This research based on data from 2014 Health Behavior School-aged Children (HBSC) study aims to determine prevalence rate of 11-16-year-old adolescents examine relationship between perceived global health. The sample composed 9775 enrolled school Spain ...

OBJECTIVES To examine the prospective associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and fat mass in childhood and cardiovascular risk factors at age 15-16. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. PARTICIPANTS 5235 children aged 9-12 at start of study. Main exposures BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass determined by du...

BACKGROUND Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) recording is an essential measure in the management and evaluation of asthmatic children.It is helpful in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment. The PEFR can be measured by a simple instrument-peak expiratory flow meter. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To construct nomogram of PEFR in healthy rural school going children from Mandya district o...

BACKGROUND The story of Human Papillomavirus vaccination demands reflection not only for its public health impact on the prophylactic management of HPV disease, but also for its relevant economic and social outcomes. Greater than ever data confirm the efficacy and support the urge for effective vaccination plans for both genders before sexual debut. METHODS A review of previous experience in ...