The percentage depth dose in the build-up region and the surface dose for the 6-MV photon beam from a Varian Clinac 23EX medical linear accelerator was investigated for square field sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15 and 20 × 20 cm(2)using the EGS4nrc Monte Carlo (MC) simulation package. The depth dose was found to change rapidly in the build-up region, and the percentage surface dose increased p...

plant performance and freshness is related to the pattern of its root growth development, which is highly affected by the water amount and water use management. therefore, the spatiotemporal variation of maize root under five treatments including full irrigation treatment (fi), partial root-zone drying treatments at two levels (receiving 75% of et =prd75, and 55% of et= prd55) and deficit irrig...

This study examined behaviour of cave-adapted blind crayŽ sh to novel territories of various sizes. Cave crayŽ sh, Orconectes australis packardi, were kept within a dark room in individual aquaria for 7 days. They were then placed into a small tank (33 £ 28 £ 23 cm, 10-15 cm water depth), and a large tank (54 £ 37 £ 30 cm, 10-15 cm water depth). Time, distance of movements, and length of pauses...

In the framework of collection and identification of fungi of Zagros mountains (W and SW Iran), specimens of agaric fungi with subterraneandevelopment were collected from oak forests in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province. Native people of Dopolan and Rahimabad used hypogeous fruit-bodies of fungus as edible fungi. Excavation was done and fungal samples were found at 15–30 cm soil depth, near Oak...

in order to study the effects of sugar cane harvest machinery traffic on bulk density and cone index variation, a survey was conducted in 10 farms of deabel khozaiee sugarcane agro-industrial company, ahvaz, in 2006. in this experiment, two types of harvesters including wheel half track and tire wheels with 14 tons of weight, versus two types of tractor and basket transporters, with 10 and 18 t...

In the study, Drainmod model was used to compare measured water table depth fluctuations on the farm with those simulated by the model, also comparison of measured drainage outflow of the farm drains and model simulated was investigated. This study was made in a part of the Irrigation and Drainage Network of ABADAN Date palms. By statistical analysis of the measured and predicted water table de...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Accurate data acquisition is very important to establish a reliable dose calculation model of the treatment planning system for small radiation fields in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). This study was to analyze and compare small-field measurements using different methods and ionization chambers. METHODS Three types of...

grade control structures are hydraulic structures used to stabilize a river bed. scour downstream of this structure is the main cause of its failure. studies have developed numerous empirical relations for scour depth prediction that designers must choose between to decide the most effective equation for a specific application. this study tested the condition of submerged jets over beds of sedi...

PURPOSE The AccuBoost brachytherapy system applies HDR 192Ir beams peripherally to the breast using collimating applicators. The purpose of this study was to benchmark Monte Carlo simulations of the HDR 192Ir source, to dosimetrically characterize the round applicators using established Monte Carlo simulation and radiation measurement techniques and to gather data for clinical use. METHODS Do...