This paper introduces a mathematical model of a hint as a body of imprecise and uncertain information. Hints are used to judge hypotheses: the degree to which a hint supports a hypothesis and the degree to which a hypothesis appears as plausible in the light of a hint are de ned. This leads in turn to supportand plausibility functions. Those functions are characterized as set functions which ar...

Tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract is a well-known cause of male infertility. However, infertility from infection by nontuberculous mycobacterium has not been reported. Herein, we present a case of seminal vesiculitis due to Mycobacterium gastri in a diabetic patient leading to male infertility. Improvement in semen quality was noticed after 6 months of therapy with isoniazid, ethambutol a...

•Cryo-EM structure of Cas12f in complex with a guide RNA and its target DNA•Type V-F effector consisting dimer single RNA•Molecular mechanism the RNA-guided DNA cleavage by miniature Cas12f•Evolutionary insights into possible origin type V CRISPR-Cas enzymes endonucleases derived from adaptive immune systems are widely used as powerful genome-engineering tools. Among diverse nucleases, (also kn...

•The helical structure of [email protected] nanorods was formed with achiral reagents•The stability chiral crystal dislocation calculated•Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurred in the self-assembly nanorod Spontaneous (SCSB) inorganic compounds is a fundamental issue origin biochirality prebiotic environment. Although spontaneous formation space groups, stacking faults, and dislocations has bee...

We address the problem of designing optimal bu er management policies in shared memory switches when packets already accepted in the switch can be dropped pushed out Our goal is to maximize the overall throughput or equivalently to minimize the overall loss probability in the system For a system with two output ports we prove that the optimal policy is of push out with threshold type POT The sa...

The generation of genetic mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans has long relied on the selection of mutations in large-scale screens. Directed mutagenesis of specific loci in the genome would greatly speed up analysis of gene function. Here, we adapt the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate mutations at specific sites in the C. elegans genome. CURRENT methods to generate mutations in the genome of Caenor...