Human and animal studies on sleep-disordered breathing and respiratory regulation show that the effects of sex hormones are heterogeneous. Because neonatal stress results in sex-specific disruption of the respiratory control in adult rats, we postulate that it might affect respiratory control modulation induced by ovarian steroids in female rats. The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) of adult ...

We reviewed neuromedin U (NMU) and neuromedin S (NMS) involvement in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. NMU and NMS are structurally related and highly conserved neuropeptides. They exert biological effects via two GPCR receptors designated as NMUR1 and NMUR2 which show differential expression. NMUR1 is expressed predominantly at the periphery, while NMUR2 ...

This is a case of a 16-year-old male with a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and bipolar disorder (BD) who presented to the emergency department with hypertension, tachycardia, rigidity, and altered mental status 2 months after the initiation of olanzapine. Symptoms were most consistent with Neu...

Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that is found widely in muscle tissues. Raised levels would occur when there is muscle damage. Raised levels are used as one of the diagnostic criteria for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS). This study looks at CK levels in 30 psychotic inpatients without NMS and compares them with 10 patients with NMS. It was found that 67% of the patients without NMS had r...

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study. PURPOSE To compare outcomes of apical derotation with pedicle screws in idiopathic and neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE No information about apical derotation in NMS with pedicle screws is available. METHODS We performed deformity correcting surgery using pedicle screw constructs on 12 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients ...

OBJECTIVES : The purpose of this study was to determine: 1. The spatial pattern of c-fos gene expression in rat hypothalamic neurons after exposure to NMS and 2. The expression of c-fos gene after combined exposure to NMS and EHF irradiation of the rat skin. METHODS : The experiments were performed on 28 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats. After rats were subjected to noxious mechanical stimulation...

The interaction between a novel G protein-coupled receptor modulator, N-(2,3-diphenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole-5-(2H)-ylidene) methanamine hydrobromide (SCH-202676), and the M(1) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) was investigated. In contrast to the prototypical mAChR allosteric modulator, heptane 1,7-bis-(dimethyl-3'-phthalimidopropyl)-ammonium bromide (C(7)/3-phth), SCH-202676 had no effect ...

background: non motor symptoms (nms) of idiopathic parkinson’s disease (pd) are a major cause of disability and recognition of these symptoms and treatment is important for comprehensive health care. deep   brain   stimulation   of   bilateral   subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (stn dbs) has been shown to improve motor symptoms in pd and effects on nms are unknown. to investigate the ...

The effects of noncontingent matched stimulation (NMS) and response blocking on a boy's stereotypic behavior were evaluated using a multiple schedule that contained three 15-min components (preintervention, intervention, and postintervention). Results showed that stereotypy was always higher after response blocking than before response blocking and was always lower after NMS than before NMS. Th...

A selective subtotal cerebellar neuronal degeneration was found in a patient who died 4 1/2 months after suffering neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a rare, potentially fatal disorder associated with neuroleptic medications. It is suggested that the cerebellar neuronal degeneration in this case was due to hyperpyrexia, a cardinal clinical feature of NMS. Similar pathologic findings appear n...