This paper applies the mathematics of chaos to the task of designing indoor rock-climbing routes. Chaotic variation has been used to great advantage on music and dance, but the challenges here are quite different, beginning with the representation. We present a formalized system for transcribing rock climbing problems and then describe a variation generator that is designed to support human rou...

BACKGROUND The age of peak performance in elite endurance athletes has been investigated for elite marathoners, but not for elite Ironman triathletes. The aim of this study was to analyze the age of peak performance in swimming (3.8 km), cycling (180 km), running (42 km), and overall race time for elite female and male Ironman triathletes competing in Ironman Switzerland, a qualifier for the Ir...

In this paper we estimate the demand for rock climbing and calculate welfare measures for changing access to a number of climbs at a climbing area. In addition to the novel recreation application, we extend the travel cost methodology by combining the double hurdle count data model (DH) with a multinomial logit model of site-choice. The combined model allows us simultaneously to explain the dec...

This paper is concerned with the use of the choice experiment method for modelling the demand for recreation, using the example of rock-climbing in Scotland. We begin by outlining the method itself, including its theoretical and econometric underpinnings. Data collection procedures are then outlined. We present results from both nested and non-nested models, and report some tests for the implic...

Rock climbers' grip techniques may result in a variety of hand injuries. Minor injuries such as soft-tissue damage, flexor tendon strain, tendinitis or tenosynovitis, joint contractures, and carpal tunnel syndrome may be treated by a primary care physician. Patients who have pulley ruptures should be referred if there is any uncertainty about the diagnosis. Because of controversies regarding su...