The preventive and therapeutic effects of saponin from Tribulus terrestris L. on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice have been studied. It showed that in preventive experiment the saponin could significantly low the levels of serum TC (P < 0.05), LDL-c (P < 0.01) and liver TC (P < 0.05), TG (P < 0.05), and increase the activities of superoxide-dismutase (SOD) in liver. The therapeutic experimen...

A solvent recycling reflux extraction process for Panax notoginseng was optimized using a design space approach to improve the batch-to-batch consistency of the extract. Saponin yields, total saponin purity, and pigment yield were defined as the process critical quality attributes (CQAs). Ethanol content, extraction time, and the ratio of the recycling ethanol flow rate and initial solvent volu...

1. Immature, male Wistar rats were allocated to one of six groups and caged individually. The first group was given a semi-synthetic diet containing 38 mg iron and 55 mg zinc/kg (basal group). The second and third groups were given a diet containing 10 mg Zn and 12 mg Fe/kg respectively (low-Zn and low-Fe groups). Groups four, five and six were given similar diets containing 20 g Gypsophila sap...

BACKGROUND The analysis of red cell folate (RCF) depends on complete hemolysis of erythrocytes, and it is assumed that complete hemolysis is achieved by 10-fold dilution of whole blood with hypotonic solutions of 10 g/L ascorbic acid/ascorbate. This report challenges this assumption. METHODS The conventional method of erythrocyte lysis was modified to include saponin, a known effective hemoly...

Ultrastructural techniques and electron probe microanalysis were used to determine whether or not the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) within presynaptic nerve terminals is a Ca-sequestering site. The three-dimensional structure of the SER was determined from serial sections of synaptosomes. The SER consists of flattened cisterns that may branch and are frequently juxtaposed to mitochondria. ...

Baby’s breath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) roots are valuable as pharmaceuticals due to the content of triterpenoid saponins and other bioactive phytochemicals. However, long root harvest period fluctuation these constituent’s among constraints traditional agricultural production. The present study shows an efficient reliable liquid culture G. cv. ‘Perfecta’ established in a shake flask system us...

The search for new immunobiologicals against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) has intensified in the last decade. However, it still remains to be elucidated that mechanisms of the innate immune response in situ after immunization (a.i.). The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of cell migration in the skin dogs with distinct antigenic compounds of the LBSap vaccine. Our major f...

A total of 161 fungal isolates were obtained from the surface-sterilized roots of field-grown oat and wheat plants in order to investigate the nature of the root-colonizing fungi supported by these two cereals. Fungi were initially grouped according to their colony morphologies and then were further characterized by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. The collection contained a wide range of ascom...

A new complex triterpenoid saponin, polystachyasaponin, was isolated from leaves of Entada polystachya (L.) DC. (Leguminosae) by using chromatographic methods. Its structure was established as 15,16-dihydroxy-3-[[O-β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-2(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β -D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-(3β ,15α ,16α)-olean-12-en-28-oic acid O-D-apioβ -D-furanosyl-(1→3)-O-β -D-xylop...