Herbicide plays the main role in guaranteeing the quantity and quality of food. Soybean reactive oxygen species scavenging system eliminates the herbicides’ side effects on the plant by activating antioxidant enzymes, which affects the yield. So, we investigated this procedure to reveal the effect of herbicides on food production. Methods: Experiments were carried out in two locations of Alborz...

An easy and fast pathway in preparation of organo-functionalized silica in nanosize range withphenyl-terminated group via co-condensation method is reported. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra confirmed the grafting process and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imagecorroborated formation of nanosized material. Applicability of phenyl-modified nanosilica wasexamined as a sorbent in dispe...

The aim of this work was to study the effect of the herbicides glyphosate, nonanoic acid, and dichlorprop-P and the insecticides potassium oil, malation and Pyretrin and their combinations on nitrification. Nitrification was measured in slurries from the eutrophic and shallow Brabrand Lake (Aarhus, Denmark), by inhibiting oxidation of nitrite to nitrate with chloride. All herbicides and insecti...

Chlorophenoxy herbicides are widely used in agriculture and forestry, for the control of broad-leaved weeds in pastures, cereal crops, as well as along public rights of way. Structurally, these herbicides consist of a simple aliphatic carboxylic acid moiety attached to a chlorine-substituted aromatic ring via an ether linkage. One of the most commonly used herbicides of this type is 2,4-dichlor...

Sulfonylurea (SU), imidazolinone (IMI), and sulfonamide (SA) herbicides are new classes of low-application-rate herbicides increasingly used by farmers. Some of these herbicides affect both weed and crop species at low dosages and must be carefully used. Less is known about the effect of these compounds on non-crop plant species, but a concentration of 100 ng/l in water has been proposed as the...

Weed control efficacy of three herbicides recently registered for use in the South African Sugar Industry is discussed and the phytotoxic effects on sugarcane are presented. Destun, with or without atrazine, is a safe pre-emergence treatment which is useful for the control of Cyperus esculentus, grasses and broadleaf weeds, while some activity on Cyperus rotundus has also been recorded. Dual + ...

Transgenic glyphosate-resistant crops (GRCs) have been commercialized and grown extensively in the Western Hemisphere and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere. GRCs have generally become dominant in those countries where they have been approved for growing. Potential effects of glyphosate on soil and water are minimal, compared the effects of the herbicides that are replaced when GRCs are adopted. Pe...

this study was carried out in 2008 and 2012 in rice research institute of iran (rasht) in order to study the response of barnyardgrass and rice to oxadiargyl (oxa), butachlor (buta) and thiobencarb (tb) herbicides. treatments included herbicide doses in six levels up to three times the recommended rate, and time of application in two levels before transplanting (bt), and after transplanting (at...

F. Sopeña, C. Maqueda, and E. Morillo. 2009. Controlled release formulations of herbicides based on micro-encapsulation. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(1): 27-42. Annual worldwide losses to weeds are estimated to comprise approximately 10-15% of attainable production among principal food sources. Worldwide consumption of herbicides represents 47.5% of the 2 million tons of pesticide consumed each year. How...

REQUIRED) This paper examines the application of risk management strategies to the protection of customer information privacy at the corporate level of analysis. The emerging discipline of privacy risk management is virtually non-existent in academic discourse despite an expressed and growing interest by regulators and practitioners. We show how the concept and practices of operational risk man...