Transportation systems relying on vehicles to collect data for services such as road condition monitoring are vulnerable to malicious vehicles injecting large amounts of fake data. A particularly serious type of attack is that attackers report fake information about numerous places without actually presenting there. In this paper, we present VProof, a vehicle location proof scheme that enables ...

By living in social groups with potential competitors, animals forgo monopolizing access to resources. Consequently, debate continues over how selection might favour sociality among competitors. For example, several models exist to account for the evolution of shared reproduction in groups. The 'concession model' hypothesizes that dominant reproducers benefit from the presence of subordinates, ...

Irradiation of amorphous a-Se Ag I and a-Se films by linearly polarized He–Neand Arq ion-laser light was shown 70 15 15 to produce polycrystalline films with linear dichroism, the sign of which is determined by the polarization of the light. Photocrystallization of the films was confirmed by direct structural investigations. Thus, a new phenomenon, the effect of light polarization on the photoc...

We used classification images (A. J. Ahumada, Jr., & J. Lovell, 1971) to estimate the perceptual filter in a task designed to assess both local and nonlocal effects upon contrast detection/discrimination. Three observers performed a yes/no detection or discrimination task of a uniform circular decrement (radius = 0.68 deg) near threshold presented for 100 to 400 ms. Stimuli were presented in ri...

Hormesis has been defined as a dose-response relationship in which there is a stimulatory response at low doses, but an inhibitory response at high doses, resulting in a U- or inverted U-shaped dose response. To assess the proportion of studies satisfying criteria for evidence of hormesis, a database was created from published toxicological literature using rigorous a priori entry and evaluativ...

Hanley, Smith, and Hadfield (1998) showed that when participants were asked to recognize famous people from hearing their voice, there was a relatively large number of trials in which the celebrity's voice was felt to be familiar but biographical information about the person could not be retrieved. When a face was found familiar, however, the celebrity's occupation was significantly more likely...

A total of 917 Mycoplasma isolations were made from 4 092 specimens originating from 2 874 cattle in private herds and at AI stations. The percentages of isolations from the different sources were: cervico-vaginal mucus 14,6%, semen 43%, preputial wash 25%, foetuses 3,3% and placentas 15%. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, the most common isolate, was recovered from 39% of males, 47% of females, 25% o...