Starting in 1998, the electricity market in England and Wales will be opened up to full competition, and all consumers will be allowed to choose their electricity supplier. This promises to result in lower prices, but there will be additional transactions costs exceeding £100 million a year for the first five years. Relative to a counterfactual without competition, there are likely to be large ...

Abstract Panels with an integrated active area can be used for interior applications walls, ceilings and floor heating, alternatively as a wet or dry type of construction. At present, most panels are made gypsum boards milled channels embedded pipes. Some manufacturers already supply these thermal insulation (Radwan et al., 2021; Zhang 2020). Certain limitations, mainly regarding the diameter m...

Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) measurements provide a non-invasive assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to assess the inter- and intra-observer variability of automated C-IMT measurements undertaken by two novice operators using the Panasonic CardioHealth Station. Participants were free from cardio-metabolic disease, and each underwent serial bilateral C-I...

While transvenous lead extraction (TLE) has become a pillar of modern management, it still carries significant risk morbidity and mortality – including need for emergent sternotomy management complications. There is little data available on patients who undergo elective open-chest (OLE) rather than TLE. We describe the characteristics, indications, outcomes undergoing OLE. collected all from Ja...