NaCl reabsorption in the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (MTALH) contributes to NaCl balance and is also responsible for the creation of medullary interstitial hypertonicity. Despite the presence of angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT(1)) receptors in both the luminal and the basolateral plasma membranes of MTALH cells, no information is available on the effect of angiotensin II on NaCl reabso...

The steady-state gating of individual batrachotoxin-modified sodium channels in neutral phospholipid bilayers exhibits spontaneous, reversible changes in channel activation, such that the midpoint potential (Va) for the gating curves may change, by 30 mV or more, with or without a change in the apparent gating valence (za). Consequently, estimates for Va and, in particular, za from ensemble-ave...

Male Brown Norway rats aged 4 mo (young) and 20 mo (old) received a series of experimental challenges to body fluid homeostasis over approximately 3 mo. Water was available for drinking in some tests, and both water and 0.3 M NaCl were available in others. The series included three episodes of extracellular fluid depletion (i.e., furosemide + 20 h of sodium restriction), two tests involving int...

Marine bacterial alginate lyases play a role in marine alginate degradation and carbon cycling. Although a large number of alginate lyases have been characterized, reports on alginate lyases with special characteristics are still rather less. Here, a gene alyPM encoding an alginate lyase of polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7) was cloned from marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM0524 and expressed in ...

Dynamic and static light scattering, CD, and optical melting experiments have been conducted on M13mp19 viral circular single-strand DNA as a function of NaCl concentration. Over the 10,000-fold range in concentration from 100 microM to 1.0 M NaCl, the melting curves and CD spectra indicate an increase in base stacking and stability of stacked regions with increased salt concentration. Analysis...

production of extracellular amylase was demonstrated under conditions of high salinity in aerobically cultivated culture of a newly isolated moderately halophilic gram-positive coccus, designated strain f in basal medium containing peptone from meat, yeast extract, nacl (7% w/v) and starch. biochemical and physiological characterization along with 16s rrna sequence analysis placed f in the genu...

In order to determine whether oxytocin release is controlled by an osmoreceptor mechanism identical with that for vasopressin release, the plasma oxytocin concentration and plasma osmolality were measured during intraatrial infusion and after intraventricular injection of various osmotic solutions in unanesthetized rats. Intraatrial infusion of 0.6 M NaCl Locke solution (L.S.) or 1.2 M mannitol...