Introduction: All-optical wavelength converters (AOWC) are envisioned to be part of future high-speed networks. In particular, they might replace optical-to-electrical-to-optical (OEO) wavelength translator units in optical crossconnects [1]. However, to be practical, AOWCs must be able to convert signals that have been degraded during transmission over reasonable distances. Tolerance to timing...

6.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 6.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 6.2.1 What is Global Change? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 6.2.2 Rationale for Considering Mycorrhiza in Global Change Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 6.3 Global Change: Multiple Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Abstract We provide stability estimates, obtained by implementing the Nekhoroshev theorem, in reference to orbital motion of a small body (satellite or space debris) around Earth. consider Hamiltonian model, averaged over fast angles, including $$J_2$$ J 2 geopotential ...

A highly efficient and recyclable Ir catalyst bearing a 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline ligand was developed for the evolution of high-pressure H2 gas (>100 MPa), and a large amount of atmospheric pressure H2 gas (>120 L), over a long term (3.5 months). The reaction proceeds through the dehydrogenation of highly concentrated aqueous formic acid (FA, 40 vol %, 10 mol L-1 ) at 80 °C using 1 μmo...

Our sense of hearing depends on the correct performance of about 15 000 hair cells in each cochlea that serve as an interface between the mechanical vibrations of speech, music and other sounds and the electrical signals of the brain. Hair cells can detect vibrations of atomic dimensions down to 0.2 nm, and can respond more than 20 000 times a second. These cells cannot regenerate, so their atr...

I. The Problem: Childhood Obesity— A Burgeoning Epidemic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .000 II. Childhood Obesity Research Summit . . . . . . . . .000 III. Pathophysiology and Morbidity of Childhood Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .000 A. Pathophysiology of Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . .000 B. Medical Consequences of Childhood Obesity . . .000 C. Psychosocial and Societal Consequ...

In a dynamic network, the quickest path problem asks for a path such that a given amount of flow can be sent from source to sink via this path in minimal time. In practical settings, for example, in evacuation or transportation planning, the problem parameters might not be known exactly a priori. It is therefore of interest to consider robust versions of these problems in which travel times and...