The production of methane (CH4) or hydrogen (H2) from renewable biomass by microorganisms growing anaerobically has the potential for contribution to independence from fossil fuels. Anaerobes function in Nature by converting biomass to CH4 through food chains comprised of fermentative and acetogenic species, which decompose the complex biomass to H2, formate and acetate that are further metabol...

In this paper, a new type of output feedback control, called a H2/H∞ finite memory control (FMC), is proposed for deterministic state space systems. Constraints such as linearity, unbiasedness property, and finite memory structure with respect to an input and an output are required in advance to design H2/H∞ FMC in addition to the performance criteria in both H2 and H∞ sense. It is shown that H...

We present molecular dynamics simulation evidence of spontaneous formation of quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) hydrogen gas hydrates within single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs) of nanometer-sized diameter (1-1.3 nm) near ambient temperature. Contrary to conventional 3D gas hydrates in which the guest molecules are typically contained in individual and isolated cages in the host lattice, the gues...

Turning organic wastes into hydrogen (H2) by using anaerobic fennentative technology is an ideal concept because this can accomplish both waste treatment and energy recovery objectives. However, H2 production using anaerobic fennentative approaches faces a fundamental limitation of poor H2 production yield (i.e. < 4 mol H2 per mol of hexose). This article gives an overview on the limitations of...