One major motivation for nominalism, at least according to Hartry Field, is the desirability of intrinsic explanations: explanations that don’t invoke objects that are causally irrelevant to the phenomena being explained. There is something right about the search for such explanations. But that search must be carefully implemented. Nothing is gained if, to avoid a certain class of objects, one ...

SAlthough different theoretical models are complementary, functional models in general, andSystemic Functional Linguistics in particular lend themselves to the analysis of text. This is so atthe level of register, in terms of Field, Tenor and Mode, as well as at the level of semantics interms of ideational, interpersonal and textual metafunction. This paper will consider two...

A 50-year-old woman was seen in the emergency department at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI), affiliated with this hospital, because of pain and decreased hearing in the left ear. The patient had been in her usual state of health until 6 weeks earlier, when she noted decreased hearing, discomfort, and a sensation of blockage in her left ear. She saw an otolaryngologist at another hosp...

Peptides, proteins, and amino acids are often mislabeled and the terms applied as if they were interchangeable, yet they are different in their characteristics, uses, biological activities, and cosmetic potential. After defining peptides and proteins, the first part of the chapter discusses the specificities of these molecules and their physiologic, biological function, particularly in the skin...

Dr. Konstantina M. Stankovic: A 27-year-old woman was seen in an outpatient otolaryngology clinic of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, which is affiliated with this hospital, because of a pruritic lesion of the left ear canal, with recurrent bleeding. One year before this presentation, a ballooning lesion had developed in the patient’s left ear canal that partially occluded the lumen and...

The human oro-gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system, consisting of oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus, which all together with the accessory digestive organs constitute the digestive system. The function of the digestive system is to break down dietary constituents into small molecules and then absorb these for subsequent distr...

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic. 2Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic. ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis causes significant morbidity and mortality in areas where it is endemic. A seroprevalence survey was conducted in 2 endemic villages in Daraa, Syrian Arab Republic, where 80 out of 345 children (...