Using grafting procedures, we investigated the transmission of co-suppression of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase host genes and transgenes and of post-transcriptional silencing of a uidA transgene encoding glucuronidase in tobacco. We demonstrate that silencing is transmitted with 100% efficiency from silenced stocks to non-silenced scions expressing the corresponding transgene. Transmi...

Model-based approaches to user interface (UI) design typically focus on creating mappings between concrete features of the user interface design and abstract models of the tasks, users, and domain. Earlier research in this area has focused on widget selection, since this was considered to be the least complicated mapping to investigate. We take this work a step further, showing how the navigati...

A microbial strain harboring the eae gene, which is known as the virulence gene of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and most enterohemorrhagic E. coli, was isolated from a patient in a gastroenteritis outbreak that occurred in 22 patients in Akita Prefecture, Japan, in November 2011. The biochemical characteristics of the isolate were more similar to those of a novel Escherichia sp....

GUS (uidA) reporter gene expression for two sugarcane polyubiquitin promoters, ubi4 and ubi9, was compared to expression from the maize Ubi-1 promoter in stable transgenic rice (only ubi9) and sugarcane (ubi4 and ubi9). Ubi9 drove high-level GUS expression, comparable to the maize Ubi-1 promoter, in both callus and regenerated plants of rice transformed by Agrobacterium. This high level express...

Primers, specific for a unique base substitution in uidA of Escherichia coli O157:H7, were coupled with oligonucleotides for the shiga-like toxin I (SLT-I) and SLT-II genes in a multiplex PCR assay. A minimum of 10(2) CFU per PCR (10 microliters) was necessary to amplify E. coli O157:H7-specific bands by multiplex PCR. Food particles as well as various unknown metabolic by-products of bacteria ...

Arabidopsis root architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify root architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography-selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the au...

We report here a practical application of a multiplexed electrochemical DNA sensor for highly specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. In this work, a 16-electrode array was applied with an oligonucleotide-incorporated nonfouling surfaces (ONS) on each electrode for the resistance of unspecific absorption. The fully matched target DNA templated the ligation between the capture p...

Membrane vesicles released by Escherichia coli O157:H7 into culture medium were purified and analyzed for protein and DNA content. Electron micrographs revealed vesicles that are spherical, range in size from 20 to 100 nm, and have a complete bilayer. Analysis of vesicle protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrates vesicles that contain many proteins with mo...

A multiplex PCR assay was developed which allowed the simultaneous detection of five trait genes or virulence markers in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotypes. A primer pair, designed to detect a single base-pair mutation in the uidA gene, is specific only for the prototypic EHEC of O157:H7 serotype and its toxigenic, non-motile variants. In a similar way, primers to the eaeA gene...