OBJECTIVES To gain insight into the functionality of qnr-like genes of several bacterial species of Vibrionaceae that may encode quinolone resistance determinants. METHODS A PCR-based strategy was used to obtain qnr-like genes of reference strains of Vibrio vulnificus CIP103196, Vibrio parahaemolyticus CIP71.2 and Photobacterium profundum CIP106289 that were sequenced, cloned and expressed in...

qnrS1, in nontyphoidal salmonellae in the United Kingdom. These data are in contrast to those of recent studies in the United States and France, which show low incidences of qnrS genes in larger strain collections (9,10). The qnr phenotype is in contrast to resistance mediated by mutations in the topoisomerase genes whereby 1 mutation confers low-level resistance to fl uoroquinolones and full r...

Sir, Currently, a variety of qnrA, B and S genes are commonly isolated from clinically important Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, qnr genes have been detected in non-typhi Salmonella enterica serotypes in Europe, the United States, Africa, Australia and Asia. In a recent study, the presence of qnrA1 in the Netherlands was first detected in a multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae carrying a conj...

Background and Objectives: Since the fluoroquinolones are the broad-spectrum antibiotics, they affect both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These antibiotics are widely prescribed by physicians. As a result, some bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, have shown a resistance to this family of antibiotics. The current study a...

Background and Objectives: Recently, the use of probiotics for the treatment of Urinary Tract Infections has become more popular. The use of probiotics in therapy is useful as only a few side effects such as destruction of resistant bacteria or disturbance of the intestinal microbiota have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria by co-a...