The authors’ approach offers a movement from statistical testing to statistical modeling for disease surveillance. Traditionally, statistical methods for surveillance tend to evolve from a hypothesis-testing framework, wherein one “detects” an outbreak (anomaly, cluster, etc.) as a “statistically significant” departure from a null hypothesis defined as the lack of an outbreak (e.g., constant ag...

This study reports on the performance assessment of the Asian airlines using TOPSIS – a multi-criteria decision making technique – as the cornerstone method to compute efficiency scores. Subsequently, and observing indicators frequently found in literature, TOPSIS results on efficiency levels are combined with GLMM-MCMC methods to assess the impact of contextual variables on performance. The re...

Model-based recursive partitioning (MOB) can be used to identify subgroups with differing treatment effects. The detection rate of treatment-by-covariate interactions and the accuracy identified using MOB depend strongly on sample size. Using data from multiple randomized controlled clinical trials overcome problem too small samples. However, naively pooling may result in identification spuriou...

BACKGROUND Small number of clusters and large variation of cluster sizes commonly exist in cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) and are often the critical factors affecting the validity and efficiency of statistical analyses. F tests are commonly used in the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to test intervention effects in CRTs. The most challenging issue for the approximate Wald F test is the ...

UNLABELLED Gram-positive bacteria synthesize the second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) to control cell wall and potassium homeostasis and to secure the integrity of their DNA. In the firmicutes, c-di-AMP is essential for growth. The model organism Bacillus subtilis encodes three diadenylate cyclases and two potential phosphodiesterases to produce and degrade c-di-AMP, respectively. Among th...

Abstract Aim Stigma among healthcare professionals toward people who use drugs (PWUDs) must be addressed for recovery. However, research on this topic is limited in Japan, therefore we developed a brand‐new scale through coproduction with PWUDs to measure stigma and conducted survey using the examine what influences towards Japanese settings. Methods Based interviews their families, containing ...

cushions as dominant species of mountainous habitats facilitate surrounding species. the aim of this study is the investigation of fire on onobrychiscornutamicrohabitats in the mountainous grasslands. fire occurredin summer 2013. therefore, in order to study the temperature fluctuations, thermometers were established under burned and unburned patches since 15 march 2016 for 31 days (half hours ...

وراثت مقاومت سفیدبالک گلخانه، Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)، به دو ترکیب ایمیداکلوپرید و کلرپایریفوس مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. در این پژوهش، از جمعیت فیلستان ورامین (FL) عنوان والد مقاوم فردیس کرج (FR) حساس استفاده شد. مقدار ترتیب حدودا 62/13 91/14 برابر بود. عدم وجود اختلاف معنی‌دار LC50 روی تلاقی‌های F1 (R♂×S♀) Fʹ1 (R♀×S♂) نشان داد که T. نوع اتوزومی (غیرجنسی) است. ه...

This paper discusses the use of Linear Mixed Models (LMM) and Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) to predict the wear and damage trajectories of railway wheelsets for a fleet of modern multiple unit trains. The wear trajectory is described by the evolution of the wheel flange thickness, the flange height and the tread diameter; whereas the damage trajectory is assessed through the probabilit...

The penalized quasi-likelihood (PQL) approach is the most common estimation procedure for the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). However, it has been noticed that the PQL tends to underestimate variance components as well as regression coefficients in the previous literature. In this paper, we numerically show that the biases of the variance components are systematically related to the bias...