The aim of the present study was to explore if observer rated sleepiness (ORS) is a feasible method for quantification of driver sleepiness in field studies. Two measures of ORS were used: (1) one for behavioural signs based on facial expression, body gestures and body movements labelled B-ORS, and (2) one based on driving performance e.g. if swerving and other indicators of impaired driving oc...

Olfaction plays a critical role in several aspects of the human life. Odorants are detected by hundreds of odorant receptors (ORs) which belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons of the nose. The information provided by the activation of different combinations of ORs in the nose is transmitted to the brain, leading t...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether zinc with oral rehydration solution (ORS) is more cost effective than ORS alone in the treatment of acute diarrhea. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Cost-effectiveness analysis among patients consulting the emergency room of a government institution. METHOD Cost of treatment and outcome of participants of a randomized trial of zinc+ORS vs. ORS alone for acute diarrhea...

The relative efficacy and incidence of hypernatremia of a rice starch based low sodium (sodium of 60 mmol/L) oral electrolyte solution was compared to the standard WHO oral rehydration solution (ORS; sodium 90 mmol/L) in 60 infants with non choleragenic acute diarrhoea. Both solutions were found to be equally effective in correcting dehydration as determined by the respective post hydration wei...

The development of oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) has been one of the important therapeutic advances of this century. The optimal formulation, however, of ORSs for both cholera and other infective diarrhoeas is still debated. Part of the problem in developing ORSs has been the lack of adequate test systems for the assessment of new formulations before clinical trial. We have developed a jeju...

JAK inhibitors (JAKi), a major advance in AA therapy may not restore hair follicle’s (HF) physiological immune privilege (IP). Yet, HF IP collapse is required for to develop, while HFs with intact/restored are relatively AA-resistant. Therefore, additional therapeutics needed that target pathogenic pathways unaffected by JAKi. Namely, NKG2D on T and NK cells activated the epithelial distress si...

Baculoviruses are double-stranded DNA entomopathogenic viruses that infect predominantly insects of the order Lepidoptera. Research in last decade has started to disentangle mechanisms underlying insect-virus interaction, particularly focusing on effects baculovirus infection host's physiology. Among crucial physiological functions, olfaction a key role reproductive tasks, food source detection...

The incidence of surgical site infection differs among operating rooms (ORs). However, cost effectiveness interventions targeting ORs depends on counts. purpose this study was to quantify the inequality counts ORs. We performed a single-centre historical cohort elective cases spanning 160-week period from May 2017 2020, identifying within 90 days using International Classification Diseases, Ten...

Abstract Objective Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, and mental health of children parents are affected by confinement in home. Since the outbreak COVID-19 is still pandemic currently, it important to examine how changes children’s behaviors parent–child relationship affect parental anxiety during this difficult time. Methods A cross-sectional online investigation ...

Multiple primary and eutectic intermetallic compounds (IMCs) often form during the solidification of multicomponent magnesium alloys. Here, we comprehensively explore formation in Mg-4Sn-3Al-1.5Zn-0.6Mn (wt%) as-cast alloy, comparison with Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.3Mn, to better understand Mg 2 Sn complex multiphase how it affects other IMCs. Various IMCs formed at different stages solidification: τ-AlMn A...