An element of a finitely generated non-Abelian free group F (X) is said to be filling if that element has positive translation length in every very small minimal isometric action of F (X) on an R-tree. We give a proof that the set of filling elements of F (X) is exponentially F (X)-generic in the sense of Arzhantseva and Ol’shanskĭı. We also provide an algebraic sufficient condition for an elem...

An A-tree is a metric space in which any two points are joined by a unique arc. Every arc is isometric to a closed interval of R . When a group G acts on a tree (Z-tree) X without inversion, then X/G is a graph. One gets a presentation of G from the quotient graph X/G with vertex and edge stabilizers attached. For a general R-tree X, there is no such combinatorial structure on X/G . But we can ...

We examine the problem of indexing objects in animated movies. We consider an animated movie as consisting of a frame sequence where each frame is described by objects in a 2-dimensional space. The queries of interest are of the form: \\nd the objects that were in area S between frames fi and fj". The straightforward approach to index such objects is to consider the frame sequence as another di...

Several studies have suggested recently that a more dynamic conflict resolution mechanism in the ACT–R cognitive architecture (Anderson & Lebiere, 1998) could improve the decision–making behaviour of cognitive models. This part of ACT–R theory is revisited and a new solution is proposed. The new algorithm (OPTIMIST) has been implemented as an overlay to the ACT–R architecture, and can be used a...

In this paper, we propose a new method for indexing large amounts of point and spatial data in highdimensional space. An analysis shows that index structures such as the R*-tree are not adequate for indexing high-dimensional data sets. The major problem of R-tree-based index structures is the overlap of the bounding boxes in the directory, which increases with growing dimension. To avoid this p...

We propose a spatio-temporal access method for objects that move through a set of fixed and disjoint regions. The proposal is based on an R-tree, on a temporal access method and on a hashing scheme. With our method it is possible to respond to queries of the timeslice and interval types as well as queries about the trajectory that an object has followed. It is also possible to process spatio-te...

A classical result from graph theory is that every graph with chromatic number χ > t contains a subgraph with all degrees at least t, and therefore contains a copy of every t-edge tree. Bohman, Frieze, and Mubayi recently posed this problem for r-uniform hypergraphs. An r-tree is an runiform hypergraph with no pair of edges intersecting in more than one vertex, and no sequence of distinct verti...

Many spatio-temporal access methods, such as the HR-tree, the 3DR-tree, and the MV3R-tree, have been proposed for timestamp and interval queries. However, these access methods have the following problems: the poor performance of the 3DR-tree for timestamp queries, the huge size and the poor performance of the HR-tree for interval queries, and the large size and the high update cost of the MV3R-...

In this paper, we present a clustering-based color indexing scheme for effective amd efficient image retrieval, which is essentially an exploration on the application of clustering technique to image retrieval. In our approach, the color features are clustered automatically using a color clustering algorithm twice (called two-level clustering processing) and two color feature summarizations are...