In Section 3 we showed that our method can have more power to detect o-eSNPs. Here we discuss its power to detect SNPs whose functional mechanisms have non-regulatory components. For simplicity we again consider only continuous Yi, Gi, and a single SNP Si in the ordinary linear model, where the variables have all been centered. We now consider the outcome model Yi = G T i αG + αSSi + i1, where ...

OBJECTIVE Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is classically viewed as an early phenomenon in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP). We aimed to determine the characteristics of HRV across the spectrum of clinical DSP in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-nine diabetic subjects and 60 healthy volunteers underwent assessment of RR interval variation (RR(var)) during deep...

Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 are revised. A total of 47 species are recognized, one of which, M. baridioides sp. n. is new to science. Mecinus dorsalis var. tavaresi Hoffmann, 1958 (stat. rev.) is considered as a distinct species, whereas M. alboscutellatus var. atratulus (Solari, 1933) is maintained as a subspecies of M. alboscutellatus (Hustache, 1913). The fol...

Estimates of functional connectivity using resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) are acutely sensitive to artifacts and large scale nuisance variation. As a result much effort is dedicated to preprocessing rs-fMRI data and using diagnostic measures to identify bad scans. One such diagnostic measure is DVARS, the spatial root mean square of the data after temporal differe...

Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (74 isolates) and C. neoformans var. gattii (44 isolates) were used to test urease activity after growth on both yeast extract-glucose-peptone agar (YEPG) and on YEPG supplemented with 100 microM EDTA. Every isolate grown on YEPG agar for 48 h at 30 degrees C produced a positive reaction within 1 h in a modified rapid urease assay at 37 degrees C. However...

A robust analysis of Juniperus, sect. Juniperus is presented based on nrDNA and five cpDNA regions. The section is clearly divided into two groups composed of blue and red seed cone species and is composed of four major clades: J. communis and allies; J. cedrus oxycedrus allies; J. brevifolia deltoides navicularis; and a loose clade of J. formosana, f. var. mairei, and J. communis var. jackii. ...

Hymenaea is a genus of the Resin-producing Clade of the tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) with 14 species. Hymenaea courbaril is the most widespread species of the genus, ranging from southern Mexico to southeastern Brazil. As currently circumscribed, Hymenaea courbaril is a polytypic species with six varieties: var. altissima, var. courbaril, var. longifolia, var. stilbocarpa, va...

The rDNA sequencing data obtained during the last 5 years in several laboratories clearly demonstrate that within the heterogeneous genus Kluyveromyces there is a group of highly related species, which we refer to as the genus Zygofabospora Kudriavzev 1960 emend. G. Naumov 2002. This genus includes four hybridizing species, Zf. marxiana, Zf. dobzhanskii, Zf. lactis, Zf. wickerhamii (Zygofabospo...

At present, all value at risk (VaR) implementations ± i.e., all risk measures of thè`maximum loss at a given level of con®dence'' type ± are based on the assumption that the portfolio mix will not change before the VaR horizon. This hypothesis may be unrealistic, especially when the VaR horizon is established by the regulators (BIS). At the opposite, we measure VaR dynamically, i.e., taking int...

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) proteins expressed on the surface of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes undergo antigenic variation by switching the gene expressed within a repertoire of approximately 50 var genes per haploid genome. The switching of PfEMP1 plays an important role in the survival and pathogenesis of the parasite. To understand how a parasite switc...