background gigantomastia is a rare condition characterized by excessive breast growth and can be physically and psychosocially disabling for the patient. regarding management of gigantomastia, this study evaluates the outcomes of superomedial pedicle with vertical scar or wise pattern skin excision. methods a total of 425 patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty in our institution were revi...

primary choriocarcinoma of the uterine cervix is an extremely rare disease. the clinical diagnosis of cervical choriocarcinoma is difficult, because of its rarity and being non-specific abnormal vaginal bleeding the most common symptom. in the present report,the authors present a case of cervical choriocarcinoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as a cesarean section scar ectopic pregnancy. rem...

background: replacement of the lost tissue is the major concerns of the plastic surgeons. expanded area should be coherent with the surrounding tissue. tissue expansion technique is the reforming methods the skin tissue scarcities. several methods for tissue expansion are available; including usage of silicon balloon and injecting fluid into the tissue expander. materials and methods: in a clin...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to noninvasively image the electrophysiological (EP) substrate of human ventricles after myocardial infarction and define its characteristics. BACKGROUND Ventricular infarct border zone is characterized by abnormal cellular electrophysiology and altered structural architecture and is a key contributor to arrhythmogenesis. The ability to noninvasively image...

BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case of laparoscopic repair of a uterine scar defect, to assess the effectiveness of treatment reviewing the latest literature sources, and to provide recommendations of uterine scar defect management. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with an insufficient uterine scar and one-year history of secondary inf...

not all values of literary texts should be sought for in their artistic aspects . there have been many lower-ranked literary texts that have shed light on numerous scientific, historical, social, and cultural issues. although poetic views are involved while raising such issues, it needs to be taken into account that not all poets have perceived the scientific principles of the topics tackled in...

recent studies have proposed that a decline in bacterial infections such as tuberculosis is a factor underlying the rising prevalence and severity of atopic disorder in developed countries. there are conflicting ideas about the inverse relationship between bcg (bacillus calmette-guerin) vaccination and asthma. stronger response to tuberculin test as an indicator of more potent th1 response is s...

BACKGROUND In animal cells, GTPase signaling pathways are thought to generate cellular protrusions by modulating the activity of downstream actin-regulatory proteins. Although the molecular events linking activation of a GTPase to the formation of an actin-based process with a characteristic morphology are incompletely understood, Rac-GTP is thought to promote the activation of SCAR/WAVE, where...

BACKGROUND A hypertrophic scar is a unique fibrotic disease that only exists in humans. Despite advances in burn care and rehabilitation, as well as progress in the management during these decades, the hypertrophic scar remains hard to cure following surgical methods and drugs for treatment. In this study, we are looking forward to finding the multitude of possible traumatic mechanisms and the ...