Precise and accurate 3D model of a road structure is basic information that can be utilized for various purposes, such as safety measures, driving simulation, and reference data for autonomous driving. Generally, the 3D model of a tunnel has been constructed using gyro sensor, however, error accumulation becomes a considerable problem in the case of long tunnels. We tried a method to obtain the...

OBJECTIVE To compare the transparent 3D computed tomography (CT) image protocol against conventional 3D-CT image-rendering protocol to assess femoral tunnel position in anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions . METHODS Eight knee CT scans from cadavers were analyzed by image rendering 3D-CT protocol, using Rhinoceros(r) software. The central point of the ACL tunnel was set u...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-anatomic bone tunnel placement is the most common cause of a failed ACL reconstruction. Accurate and reproducible methods to visualize and document bone tunnel placement are therefore important. We evaluated the reliability of standard radiographs, CT scans, and a 3-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) approach in visualizing and measuring ACL reconstruction bone tun...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to report a modified transtibial technique to approach the center of anatomical femoral footprint in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to investigate the accurate femoral tunnel position with 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) and radiography after reconstruction. METHODS From December 2010 to October 2011, we evaluated 98 patie...

At present tunnels tend to be analyzed on the basis of 2D finite element computations , because 3D analyses are considered to be extremely time consuming. As a result, 3D analyses are presently the domain of researchers. Consulting engineers will only perform 3DFEM analyses when facing complex geometries, e.g. tunnel joints or connections to underground stations, but not for straight-ahead tunn...

Shield excavation and tail grouting are the main causes of ground deformation in tunnel construction, especially case new tunnels undercrossing existing tunnels, which have stricter requirements for settlement control. This paper investigates equivalent layer method, is used to simulate induced by shield construction via numerical analysis. The research based on a study Beijing’s newly built Me...

Abstract In this study, analysis of complicated underground structure Horemheb tomb (KV57) at Luxor, Egypt by using the software PLAXIS 3D is adopted and deformation that occurs in body after applied failure load detected; loads are obtained from series laboratory tests. Then, modelled finite element code to perform accurate three-dimensional stability complex geotechnical engineering rock mech...