Existing diesel engines are under stringent emission regulation particularly of smoke and particulate matter in their exhaust. Compressed Natural Gas and Diesel dual fuel operation is regarded as one of the best ways to control emissions from diesel engines and simultaneously saving petroleum based diesel fuel. Dual fuel engine is a conventional diesel engine which burn either gaseous fuel or d...

Exhaust emissions from thirteen compressed natural gas (CNG) and nine ultralow sulphur diesel in-service transport buses were monitored on a chassis dynamometer. Measurements were carried out at idle and at three steady engine loads of 25%, 50% and 100% of maximum power at a fixed speed of 60 km h(-1). Emission factors were estimated for particle mass and number, carbon dioxide and oxides of ni...

Abstract Fuzzy set (FS) theory and rough sets (RSs) are constructed to accommodate the data uncertainty. In contrast, bipolar FS (BFS) can tackle uncertainty bipolarity of in different circumstances. This article aims introduce idea fuzzy ideals semigroup (SG), which is a generalization concept BFSs (RBFSs) an SG. We also investigate roughness subsemigroup (BF-SSG) with help congruence relation...

A mai világban a társadalom szemlélet- és értékrendváltozása miatt egyre inkább előtérbe kerül környezetvédelem fenntarthatóság repülés területén is. Ennek egyik lehetosége CNG hajtásrendszer fejlesztése. egy olyan metán-etán elegy, amellyel elérhető 15%-kal kevesebb COx, 80%-kal NOx 90%-kal HC-kibocsátás korommentesség. munkánkban forgószárnyas repülőgépeket vizsgáltam meg, CNG-s hajtásút benz...

Two organic gas speciation profiles (OG2403 and OG2404) for compressed natural gas (CNG) transit buses equipped with three-way catalysts (TWC) were developed in this work to complement the current CARB organic gas speciation profile database. The profiles were created based on chassis dynamometer test data of two transit buses equipped with TWCs running on CNG. Profile OG2403 was made for Stead...

The aim of paper was to discuss contribution bi-fuel CNG powered light commercial vehicles the well-to-wheel CO2 equivalent emissions, both today and in coming decades which development new fuels is expected. Field research done Belgrade, during one year, using Euro 5 diesel/LPG/CNG driving under low vehicle speed, engine load, exhaust gas temperature high number stops. as neutral methodology a...

Cyclic nucleotides directly enhance the opening of the tetrameric CNG and HCN channels, although the mechanism remains unclear. We examined why HCN and certain CNG subunits form functional homomeric channels, whereas other CNG subunits only function in heteromeric channels. The "defect" in the CNGA4 subunit that prevents its homomeric expression was localized to its C-linker, which connects the...

In retinal rods, light-induced isomerization of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal within rhodopsin triggers an enzyme cascade that lowers the concentration of cGMP. Consequently, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels close, generating the first electrical response to light. After isomerization, all-trans-retinal dissociates from rhodopsin. We now show that all-trans-retinal directly and ...