A bstract Non-topological solitons such as Q-balls and Q-shells have been studied for scalar fields invariant under global gauged U(1) symmetries. We generalize this frame-work to include a Proca mass the gauge boson, which can arise either from spontaneous symmetry breaking or via Stückelberg mechanism. heavy (light) boson leads reminiscent of (gauged) case, but intermediate values these exhib...

in this paper, we introduce a considerable machinery which permits us to characterize a number of special (fuzzy) subsets in ag -groupoids. generalizing the concepts of (,q) -fuzzy bi-ideals (interior ideal), we define ( , ) k q -fuzzy bi-ideals, ( , ) k q -fuzzy left (right)-ideals and ( , ) k q -fuzzy interior ideals in ag -groupoids and discuss some fundamental aspects of these i...

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notions of ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy p-ideals, ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy q-ideals and ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy a-ideals in BCIalgebras and to investigate some of their properties. Several characterizationtheorems for these generalized fuzzy ideals are proved and the relationshipamong these generalized fuzzy ideals of BCI-algebras i...