This paper considers the problem of how to construct price indexes on a panel data set. First a suitable panel data set is constructed by merging Eurostat’s Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) with a cross-section of OECD data. Second, seven different methods for constructing price indexes on a panel are proposed. These are then applied to the merged HICP/OECD data set. Temporal and spat...

The relation between economic freedoms and performance is very crucial to determine growth the development policies of a country. Economic are ultimate goal for all developed emerging economies. countries have been aiming sustain their current situation, while developing apply that will provide development. Convergence hypothesis which one main inference Solow model states that, in close econom...

The p53 tumor suppressor protein represents a target for viral and cellular oncoproteins, including adenovirus gene products. Recently, it was discovered that several proteins with structural and functional homologies to p53 exist in human cells. Two of them were termed p51 and p73. We have shown previously that the E1B 55-kDa protein (E1B-55 kDa) of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) binds and inactivate...

This empirical article examines how the institutional development of home country and host countries in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) are embedded can drive MNEs’ research (R&D) intensity. In doing so, this study analyzes 967 firm-year observations 234 pharmaceutical firms from 30 developed less period 2010 to 2017. We find support for internationalization toward as a driver R&...

We analyze innovative activity in a general framework with time-dependent rewards and sunk costs. When firms are identical, innovation is delayed by an increase in the number of firms or a decrease in the size of the reward. When one firm has higher profit potential, it is more likely to innovate first. Our framework generalizes an all-pay auction; however, we show that under certain conditions...

When effort is multi-dimensional, firms will optimally “balance” the provision of incentives. Setting high-powered incentives along one dimension raises the returns to providing high-powered incentives along other dimensions which compete for the worker’s effort and/or attention (Holmstrom and Milgrom, 1991). We test for this effect in the context of for-profit pharmaceutical laboratories using...

I analyze the welfare implications of protecting intellectual property rights (IPRs) in developing countries through its impact on innovation, market structure, and technology transfer. FDI, tariffs, and cooperation are introduced to the strategic IPR literature. In a North-South framework, the Southern government sets the IPR policy strategically by anticipating the Northern firm’s decision on...

We study university projects and research collaboration projects with industry that are supported by government grants. First, we propose a theoretical model to analyze optimal decisions in these ventures. Second, we test our theoretical results with a unique dataset containing academic publications and collaborative research funds for all the academics at the major engineering departments in t...

Both climate change and technical change are uncertain. In this paper we show the importance of including both uncertainties when modeling for policy analysis. We then develop an approach for incorporating uncertainty of technical change into climate change policy analysis. We define and demonstrate a protocol for bottom-up expert assessments about prospects for technologies. We then describe a...

This paper considers the effect of different firm leadership on the innovative performance of firms from seven EU countries. We investigate whether owner-led or manager-led firms achieve a larger share of their turnover with product innovations. Economic theory does not propose clear answers to this question. In the empirical analysis, it turns out that the manager-led firms are more active inn...