OBJECTIVE To investigate interobserver and inter-CT variations in using the active breath co-ordinate technique in the determination of clinical tumour volume (CTV) and normal organs in post-operative gastric cancer radiotherapy. METHODS Ten gastric cancer patients were enrolled in our study, and four radiation oncologists independently determined the CTVs and organs at risk based on the CT s...

The genome of beet yellows virus (BYV), the type representative of the closterovirus group, encodes a homologue of the cellular heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 family. A pair of degenerate primers targeted to motifs A and E, which are highly conserved in HSP70s, was synthesized. Genomes of several definite and possible members of the closterovirus group were screened for the presence of the HSP70 g...

PURPOSE Setup, range, and anatomical uncertainties influence the dose delivered with intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT), but clinical quantification of these errors for oropharyngeal cancer is lacking. We quantified these factors and investigated treatment fidelity, that is, robustness, as influenced by adaptive planning and by applying more beam directions. METHODS AND MATERIALS We us...

irrespective of their type, was related to the dilution of CTV-lO which was inoculated . Histological studies revealed that the white pocks were carcinosarcomas with numerous epithelial pearls, while the red pocks were composed of ectasia-like lesions and multiple hemorrhagic cysts. The vas cular lesions appeared 4 days after infection, followed by the development of carcinosarcoma 3 days later...

Bacterial cell division typically requires assembly of the cytoskeletal protein FtsZ into a ring (Z-ring) at the nascent division site that serves as a foundation for assembly of the division apparatus. High resolution imaging suggests that the Z-ring consists of short, single-stranded polymers held together by lateral interactions. Several proteins implicated in stabilizing the Z-ring enhance ...

This study evaluated the oncologic outcomes and complications of cervical cancer patients in terms of CT-based image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) parameters. Of 68 cervical cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy/concurrent chemoradiotherapy, most received whole-pelvis external beam RT (EBRT) of 40 Gy in 20 fractions, pelvic EBRT with central shield of 10 Gy in 5 fractions, and CT-b...

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) populations in citrus trees are unusually complex mixtures of viral genotypes and defective RNAs developed during the long-term vegetative propagation of the virus and by additional mixing by aphid transmission. The viral replication process allows the maintenance of minor amounts of disparate genotypes and defective RNAs in these populations. CTV is a member of the ...

Plants produce considerable amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with several biological functions, including protection against biotic agents such as viruses and their vectors. In citrus species, these metabolites can be related different susceptibility/tolerance toward the Tristeza virus (CTV), one main constraints for industry. The objective this study was to compare VOCs pattern fro...

BACKGROUND Whole pelvis intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is increasingly being used to treat cervical cancer aiming to reduce side effects. Encouraged by this, some groups have proposed the use of simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) to target the tumor, either to get a higher tumoricidal effect or to replace brachytherapy. Nevertheless, physiological organ movement and rapid tumor regres...