Whether prenatal stress (PNS) and gonadal hormones may influence depressive behavior of rats in the forced swim test was investigated. In Experiment I, adult diestrous female rats had increased immobility, which is indicative of depression, but did not show any significant difference in the duration of struggling compared to intact adult males. In Experiment 2, the behavior of adult intact, cas...

OBJECTIVES PNS is involved in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) since the earliest phases. Our aim is to perform an ultrastructural study on skin PNS fibers in SSc. METHODS Skin biopsies were taken from forearms of 8 patients affected by limited SSc (lSSc) and 3 controls and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The semithin sections (2 mm) were observed at light microscope and optical...

This paper presents an approach to solve the problem of K-diagnosability of bounded labeled Petri nets (PNs). We first introduce extended incidence matrix, marking-eventing and extended state equation, which make it possible to record the number of event occurrences for any marking reachable from the initial one. Based on the proposed conceptions, we give a mathematical representation for label...

Based on multi-dimensional multi-group radiation hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae with the VULCAN/2D code, we study the physical conditions within and in the vicinity of the nascent protoneutron star (PNS). Conclusions of this work are threefold: First, as before, we do not see any large-scale overturn of the inner PNS material. Second, we see no evidence of doubly-diffusive...

We have investigated the protoneutron star (PNS) using the extended ZimanyiMoszkowski relativistic mean-…eld model of hadronic matter with and without antikaon condensation. The trapped neutrinos in PNS delay the appearance of negative-charged hadrons or K , and so its equation of state becomes rather sti¤er than neutrino-free neutron star (NS) at high baryon densities. As the results, the maxi...

BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy symptoms (PNS) are commonly manifested in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals, although data are limited on the prevalence and predictors of PNS in HIV+ patients from sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and predictors of PNS in HIV+ and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) Rwandan women. METHODS Data were analysed from 936 (710 HIV+ and 226 HIV-) women fr...

BACKGROUND The nervous system in songbirds is an accessible system for studying vocal learning and memory in vertebrates. In the song system, the anterior forebrain pathway (AFP) is essential for song learning and the vocal motor pathway (VMP) is necessary for song production. The premotor robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) located in the VMP receives input from the AFP. The RA receives dop...

The carbohydrate determinants recognized by the HNK-1 antibody are potential cell-cell recognition ligands in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The HNK-1 reactive sulfoglucuronylneolacto (SGNL) glycolipids specifically support Schwann cell adhesion, suggesting the presence of a cell surface receptor specific for SGNL-oligosaccharides. We directly probed PNS membranes for receptors complement...

Locust antennal lobe (AL) projection neurons (PNs) respond to olfactory stimuli with sequences of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing epochs, each lasting hundreds of milliseconds. A computer simulation of an AL network was used to test the hypothesis that slow inhibitory connections between local neurons (LNs) and PNs are responsible for temporal patterning. Activation of slow inhibitory receptor...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the occurrence and distribution of types of paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) in patients with lung cancer. Identification of autoimmune PNS is particularly important for discerning them from immune-related adverse events of novel immunotherapies. We estimated the occurrence of PNS among patients with lung cancer and compared it with that in the general population....