BACKGROUND European honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) foragers have a highly developed visual system that is used for navigation. To clarify the neural basis underlying the highly sophisticated visual ability of foragers, we investigated the neural activity pattern of the optic lobes (OLs) in pollen-foragers and re-orienting bees, using the immediate early gene kakusei as a neural activity marker. ...

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by genetic deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC) activity. Failure in catalyzing the degradation of its major substrate, galactocerebroside, in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and Schwann cells leads to death of these myelinating cells, progressive demyelination, and early demise of GLD patients. Transplantation of bone marrow c...

The orthogonal least squares algorithm (OLS) and the support vector regression (SVR) are two popular approaches to choose the structure of the Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN). The former is derived based only on the modelling errors, whilst the latter also on the model complexity. A comparison of the generalization results of networks selected from the OLS and the SVR is presented here usi...

This article provides a matrix representation of the adjustment grid estimator. From this representation, one can invoke the Gauss-Markov theorem to examine the efficiency of ordinary least squares (OLS) and the grid estimator that uses OLS estimates of the adjustments (the ‘‘plug-in’’ grid method). In addition, this matrix representation suggests a generalized least squares version of the grid...

This note generalizes previous results on the asymptotic equiva lence of Ordinary and Generalized Least Squares estimates in Li near Regression models with trending data This note considers the relative e ciency of OLS versus GLS in the linear regression model yt x t ut t where xt and are K and where the unobservable disturbances ut are autocorrelated but independent of the regressors xt xt xtK...

.................................................................................................................................................. ix Introduction...............................................................................................................................................1 I. The determinants of foreign currency sovereign ratings: theory, data and OLS estimates ...

The paper proposes to combine an orthogonal least squares (OLS) model selection with local regularisation for efficient sparse kernel data modelling. By assigning each orthogonal weight in the regression model with an individual regularisation parameter, the ability for the OLS model selection to produce a very parsimonious model with excellent generalisation performance is greatly enhanced.

This article analyses DMSP/OLS night-time imagery as an information source to detect human settlements and to estimate the urban population in the Amazon region. DMSP/OLS single orbits were used to generate a DMSP stable light mosaic for 2002, in which most of the urban settlements with a population higher than 5000 inhabitants were precisely identified. DMSP/OLS night-time mosaic images from 1...

Absenteeism research has often been criticized for using inappropriate analysis. Characteristics of absence data, notably that it is usually truncated and skewed, violate assumptions of OLS regression; however, OLS and correlation analysis remain the dominant models of absenteeism research. This piece compares eight models that may be appropriate for analyzing absence data. Specifically, this p...