شرایط افروزش و اشتعال سوخت‌های گداخت هسته‌ای در حضور ناخالص­‌ها، یکی از موارد مهمی است که طراحی قرص‌های سوخت باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. این مقاله اثر ناخالصی هسته سنگین طلا بر کلیه فرایندهای احتراق پلاسمای غیرتعادلی دوتریم- تریتیم مدل چهار دمایی آن شکل تابع توزیع انرژی رفتار فوتون‌ها تأثیر می‌گذارد بررسی گرفته است. مطالعه شامل اثرات منفی سوخت، طول زمان تشکیل لکه داغ نتایج محاسبات عددی به­ دست آم...

Chronic opiate exposure is associated with upregulation of the cAMP signaling pathway and the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein in the locus ceruleus (LC) and certain other brain areas. To determine whether these adaptations ultimately affect transcription mediated by the cAMP response element (CRE), we induced morphine dependence in CRE-LacZ transgenic mice and perform...

Prediction about outcomes constitutes a basic mechanism underlying informed economic decision making. A stimulus constitutes a reward predictor when it provides more information about the reward than the environmental background. Reward prediction can be manipulated in two ways, by varying the reward paired with the stimulus, as done traditionally in neurophysiological studies, and by varying t...

The time of reward and the temporal structure of reward occurrence fundamentally influence behavioral reinforcement and decision processes [1-11]. However, despite knowledge about timing in sensory and motor systems [12-17], we know little about temporal mechanisms of neuronal reward processing. In this experiment, visual stimuli predicted different instantaneous probabilities of reward occurre...

offshore employees (expatriates) working abroad are an important part of any organisational workforce, working and competing globally. the specific requirements of expatriates are quite different as compared to the local workforce of that particular company. these requirements range from base salary to the educational needs of their families, children, and spouses. the employers especially work...

In this paper, we propose a novel and fast method to localize and track needles during image-guided interventions. Our proposed method is comprised of framework of needle detection and tracking in highly noisy ultrasound images via level set and PDE (partial differential equation) based methods. Major advantages of the method are: (1) efficiency, the entire numerical procedure can be finished i...