Persistence is a characteristic attribute of long-term memories (LTMs). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that mediate this process. We recently showed that persistence of LTM requires a late protein synthesis- and BDNF-dependent phase in the hippocampus. Here, we show that intrahippocampal delivery of BDNF reverses the deficit in memory persistence caused by inhibition of...

conclusions definite diagnosis of pnea not only reduces significantly unnecessary use of aeds (p = 0.001) and psychotropic drugs, but also increases patients’ productivity and emotional wellbeing. in addition, it leads them to accept diagnosis and follow appropriate treatment. objectives the aim of this study is to investigate occurrence of pnea in patients admitted to the razavi epilepsy depar...

Cognitive ability varies within species, but whether this variation alters the manner in which memory formation is affected by environmental stress is unclear. The great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, is commonly used as model species in studies of learning and memory. The majority of those studies used a single laboratory strain (i.e. the Dutch strain) originating from a wild population in the...

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in resting, submaximal, and maximal (V˙o 2 max) oxygen consumption (V˙o 2) in African-American ( n = 44) and Caucasian ( n = 31) prepubertal children aged 5-10 yr. RestingV˙o 2 was measured via indirect calorimetry in the fasted state. SubmaximalV˙o 2 andV˙o 2 max were determined during an all out, progressive treadmill exercise test appropri...

BACKGROUND Emotion can either facilitate or impair memory, depending on what, when and how memory is tested and whether the paradigm at hand is administered as a working memory (WM) or a long-term memory (LTM) task. Whereas emotionally arousing single stimuli are more likely to be remembered, memory for the relationship between two or more component parts (i.e., relational memory) appears to be...

The nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP signaling system and cAMP system play critical roles in formation of multiple-trial induced, protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory (LTM) in many vertebrates and invertebrates. The relationship between the NO-cGMP system and cAMP system, however, remains controversial. In honey bees, the two systems have been suggested to converge on protein kinase A (PKA), base...

We set out to determine whether the ability to form long-term memory (LTM) is influenced by laboratory rearing. We investigated the ability of four populations of Lymnaea stagnalis to form LTM following operant conditioning both in the freely behaving animal and at the electrophysiological level in a neuron, RPeD1, which is a necessary site for LTM. We hypothesized that laboratory rearing resul...

Recent findings have led to a growing appreciation of the role of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in episodic long-term memory (LTM). Here, the authors will review results from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of humans and present a framework to explain how different regions of the PFC contribute to successful LTM formation. Central to this framework is the idea that different r...

From mollusks to mammals the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) appears to be an important step in the formation of long-term memory (LTM). Here we show that a 5 min exposure to a novel environment (open field) 1 hr after acquisition of a one-trial inhibitory avoidance training hinders both the formation of LTM for the avoidance task and the increase in the phosphorylati...

[1] The low frequency variability of the near surface temperature in a climate simulation is compared with Greenland ice core dO time series during the holocene. The simulation is performed with the coupled CSIRO atmosphere-ocean model under present-day conditions. The variability, analyzed by the detrended fluctuation analysis, reveals power-law scaling of the power-spectrum for frequency f, S...