The influence of discharge rate, ambient temperature, and phase change material on the maximum temperature highest difference was investigated. battery tested with without under extreme rates (4C 5C) temperatures (310 K 320 K). Results showed that a reduced from 327.94 to 306.45 for 14.6 Ah lithium-ion discharged at 5C-rate K. Quantitatively determined parameter effects revealed PCM considerabl...