Mycobacterium avium complex-induced lung disease (MAC-LD) becomes important due to its increasing prevalence. Attenuated cellular immunity associated with programmed cell death (PD)-1 may play a pathophysiological role in MAC-LD but lacks of investigation. We enrolled 80 participants in this prospective study, including 50 with MAC-LD and 30 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ...

In this document an idea is submitted how IP and ARP can be used on inhomogeneous FDDI networks (FDDI networks with single MAC and dual MAC stations) by introducing a new protocol layer in the protocol suite of the dual MAC stations. Thus two dual MAC stations are able to do a load splitting across the two rings and use the double bandwidth of 200 Mbits/s as single MAC stations. The new layer i...

In this paper, the authors propose a new hybrid MAC protocol named H-MAC for wireless mesh networks. This protocol combines CSMA and TDMA schemes according to the contention level. In addition, it exploits channel diversity and provides a medium access control method that ensures the QoS requirements. Using ns-2 simulator, we have implemented and compared H-MAC with other MAC protocol used in W...

A multiple access channel (MAC) consists of senders simultaneously transmitting their messages to a single receiver. For the classical-quantum case (CQ MAC), achievable rates are known assuming that all decoded, common assumption in quantum network design. However, such conventional design approach ignores global structure, i.e., topology. When CQ MAC is given as part communication, this work s...

Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are characterized by large energy consumption, limited power supply, low bit rate, and long propagation delay, as well spatial-temporal uncertainty, which present both challenges opportunities for media access control (MAC) protocol design. The time-division transmissions can effectively avoid collisions since different nodes transmit packets at period of time...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have attracted a lot of attention from the research community and industry in recent years. WSNs maintenance associated with battery replacement can increase system operating costs, especially for wireless sensor networks located hard-to-reach dangerous places. In this study, an adaptive Medium Access Control (MAC) is proposed that regulate period data acquisitio...

This survey paper presents the state-of-the-art directional medium access control (MAC) protocols in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks (WAHSNs). The key benefits of directional antennas over omni-directional antennas are longer communication range, less multipath interference, more spatial reuse, more secure communications, higher throughput and reduced latency. However, directional antennas ...