I The Traditional Theory of the Just War The traditional theory of the just war comprises two sets of principles, one governing the resort to war (jus ad bellum) and the other governing the conduct of war (jus in bello). One of the central pillars of the traditional theory is that the two set of principles are, in Michael Walzer's words, " logically independent. It is perfectly possible for a j...

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With the rapid development of space information technology and constant advancement of militarization of outer space, the legal aspects of information operations in outer space have aroused the attention of international community. Information operations in outer space have brand-new features and means, which are apparently different from those of traditional operations, thus challenging almost...

Through out most of our na tion's his tory, women of fend ers have been largely in visi ble or “for got ten” in a sys tem de signed to con trol and re ha bili tate men. Ac cord ing to Mau reen Cain, in both crimi nol ogy and more broadly in the crimi nal jus tice sys tem, women and girls “ex ist as Other: that is to say, they ex ist only in their dif fer ence from the male, the nor mal” (Cain, ...

During times of armed conflict, whether characterized as international or non-international, International Humanitarian Law (“IHL”) is applicable. As a body of law, IHL does not question the lawfulness of a conflict (jus ad bellum) but seeks instead to apply humanitarian principles in warfare (jus in bello). IHL recognizes that even war has its limits, irrespective of its cause, and strives to ...

one of the issues that occur in most wars is captivating the enemy soldiers. international humanitarian law as a branch of contemporary islamic law from many years ago has focused on the treatment with prisoners. present comparative study in jus ad bellum shows that, the four 1949 geneva convention's and the 1977 additional protocols which compared with the islamic rules of international h...

We investigate the origin and evolution of the legal institution of citizenship. We compile a new data set on citizenship laws across countries of the world which documents how these institutions have evolved from the legal tradition of common and civil law established in the course of the 19th century. We show that in the postwar period citizenship laws have responded endogenously and systemat...

Vi lever i en tid da «kunstig intelligens» og andre nye digitale teknologier får stor oppmerksomhet. Det kan få oss til å glemme at rettslivet mye av samfunnet ellers allerede er gjennomdigitalisert, det den eksisterende, konvensjonelle teknologien som mest avgjørende for etterlevelsen rettslige idealer prinsipper dagens morgendagens digitaliserte samfunn. I denne artikkelen gjennomgår forfatte...