The wasp Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a major parasitoid of the pupae of fruit flies, which are a common agricultural pest. An understanding of this intricate host-parasitoid interaction could provide basic information necessary for the sustainable integrated biological control of fruit flies. In this study, we investigated the effect of S. endius on different-aged pup...

Winter-diapause and cold-acclimated non-diapause pupae of the onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), show strong cold hardiness. To obtain insights into the mechanisms involved in the enhancement of cold hardiness, we investigated the expression patterns of genes encoding subunits of chaperonin (CCT) and the morphology of actin, a substrate of CCT, at low temperatures. Quantitativ...

A strategy known as diapause (developmental arrest) has evolved in insects to increase their survival rate under harsh environmental conditions. Diapause causes a dramatic reduction in the metabolic rate and drastically extends lifespan. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the metabolic changes involved. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we compared the changes in...

Immature mosquito development and survival of adults are highly sensitive to environmental temperature, which can alter gene expression during the mosquito life-cycle. To further understand how heat shock proteins are developmentally expressed in mosquitoes, we subjected Þrst instar larvae, 16-h old pupae and female of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to heat shock treatment for 0, 15, 3...

-A method for obtaining reared adults of net-winged midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae) is presented. Rocks with attached pupae are removed from the stream and placed in a container maintained at high humidity. Survival and emergence rates exceeding 60% were recorded for several species of Nearctic Blephaecera. This method is ideal for associating pupae and adults of blepharicerids and other torr...

Two new species of the genus Fittkauimyia from Brazil are described and illustrated. Fittkauimyia mayumiae sp. n. from Amazonian forest is described based on adult male, female and pupae and F. carranquensis sp. n. from mountainous region of southeast is described based on adult male and pupae.

The metabolic response of Platynota stultana pupae to elevated CO(2) and reduced O(2) atmospheres was measured using microcalorimetry. Initial measurements at 20 degrees C immediately upon placement in controlled atmosphere indicated a decrease in metabolic heat rate (MHR) of 27, 45, 56, 56, and 72% in an atmosphere of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 79% CO(2), respectively, and a decrease of 20, 50, 66 and...

The effects of irradiation on egg, larval, and pupal development, and adult reproduction in Mexican leafroller, Amorbia emigratella Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), were examined. Eggs, neonates, early instars, late instars, early pupae, and late pupae were irradiated at target doses of 60, 90, 120, or 150 Gy, or they were left untreated as controls in replicated factorial experiments. Surviva...

an experiment was conducted to study the effect on performance of silkworm bombyx mori l., when fed by leaves of different mulberry varieties a crd design with 12 tratments (including kamasari, kaeiryo ichinose, kaeerizhotezomigaeeshi, tachibana, ichinose, chekemaoha, yukishinogi, shin ichinose, wasemidori, roso, kenmochi, as well as some local varieties in 4 replications. the larvae were reare...