The paper studies the connections and differences between bilevel problems (BL) and generalized semi-infinite problems (GSIP). Under natural assumptions (GSIP) can be seen as a special case of a (BL). We consider the so-called reduction approach for (BL) and (GSIP) leading to optimality conditions and Newtontype methods for solving the problems. We show by a structural analysis that for (GSIP)-...

The paper studies the connections and differences between bilevel problems (BL) and generalized semi-infinite problems (GSIP). Under natural assumptions (GSIP) can be seen as a special case of a (BL). We consider the so-called reduction approach for (BL) and (GSIP) leading to optimality conditions and Newton-type methods for solving the problems. We show by a structural analysis that for (GSIP)...

Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) DNA is nearly always detectable in African Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) but is infrequently found in the histologically indistinguishable American BL. We have derived a tumor cell line from a patient with American BL which produces EBV, and we have compared this virus isolate [JLP(c)] with African BL EBV. The American JLP(c) virus immortalizes human umbilical cord lymphocyte...

In this paper we show that the subvarieties of BL, the variety of BL-algebras, generated by single BL-chains on [0, 1], determined by continuous t-norms, are finitely axiomatizable. An algorithm to check the subsethood relation between these subvarieties is provided, as well as another procedure to effectively find the equations of each subvariety. From a logical point of view, the latter corre...

Butyrolactone I (BL I), a potent and specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, was shown to block germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in porcine oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. GVBD was almost totally inhibited over the course of 44 h of culture when 100 pM BL I was included in TCM 199 containing either 3 mg/ml BSA or 5 % fetal calf serum (FCS). In contrast, 50 pM BL 1 was full...

Brassinosteroids play a significant role in the amelioration of various abiotic and biotic stresses. In order to elaborate their roles in plants subjected to heavy metals stress, Chlorella vulgaris cultures treated with 10(-8) M brassinolide (BL) were exposed to 10(-6)-10(-4) M heavy metals (cadmium, lead and copper) application. Under heavy metals stress, the growth and chemical composition (c...

To explore in detail the relationships between basal lamina (BL) and regenerating cells, we have studied the reconstruction of skeletal muscle fibers and their associated capillaries in portions of rat and rabbit skeletal muscles after injury with either freezing, ischemia, or in situ autografting . Each type of injury produces complete necrosis of cells . The BL, however, remains intact in the...

While the defects in HLA class I-mediated Ag presentation by Burkitt lymphoma (BL) have been well documented, CD4+ T-cells are also poorly stimulated by HLA class II Ag presentation, and the reasons underlying this defect(s) have not yet been fully resolved. Here, we show that BL cells are deficient in their ability to optimally stimulate CD4+ T cells via the HLA class II pathway. The observed ...

Young barley leaf is consumed as a popular green-colored drink, which is named "Aojiru" in Japan. In the present study, we examined effects of young barley leaf powder (BL) on gastrointestinal transit time (GTT) and fecal moisture and weight in comparison with wheat bran (WB) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, an attempt was made to identify BL components responsible for these effects by...