The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of action of SPI-0211 (lubiprostone), a novel bicyclic fatty acid in development for the treatment of bowel dysfunction. Adult rabbit intestine was shown to contain mRNA for ClC-2 using RT-PCR, Northern blot analysis, and in situ hybridization. T84 cells grown to confluence on permeable supports were shown to express ClC-2 channel protein...

Spi-C is an E26 transformation-specific family transcription factor that is highly related to PU.1 and Spi-B. Spi-C is expressed in developing B cells, but its function in B cell development and function is not well characterized. To determine whether Spi-C functions as a negative regulator of Spi-B (encoded by Spib), mice were generated that were germline knockout for Spib and heterozygous for...

We have developed a novel ileal loop model for use in calves to analyze the contribution of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium type III secretion systems to disease processes in vivo. Our model involves constructing ileal loops with end-to-end anastamoses to restore the patency of the small intestine, thereby allowing experimental animals to convalesce following surgery for the desired num...

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is produced primarily by stimulated monocytes, suggesting that the IL1B gene, which codes for this protein, depends upon at least one cell-type-specific factor. Our previous characterization of the IL1B promoter indicated that the region between -131 and +12 is sufficient to direct cell-type-specific expression of a reporter gene (F. Shirakawa, K. Saito, C.A. Bona...

OBJECTIVES To identify factors affecting doctors' engagement with the Safer Patients Initiative (SPI). DESIGN Qualitative interview study. SETTING Four organisations participating in phase 1 of the SPI programme, from four different geographical locations in the UK. PARTICIPANTS 34 staff members, comprising senior executive/management leads involved in the SPI programme, the principal SPI...

Fis, one of the most important nucleoid-associated proteins, functions as a global regulator of transcription in bacteria that has been comprehensively studied in Escherichia coli K12. Fis also influences the virulence of Salmonella enterica and pathogenic E. coli by regulating their virulence genes, however, the relevant mechanism is unclear. In this report, using combined RNA-seq and chromati...

Cuppoletti, John, Danuta H. Malinowska, Kirti P. Tewari, Qiu-ju Li, Ann M. Sherry, Myra L. Patchen, and Ryuji Ueno. SPI-0211 activates T84 cell chloride transport and recombinant human ClC-2 chloride currents. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287: C1173– C1183, 2004. First published June 22, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajpcell. 00528.2003.—The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of action of SP...

Retinoic acid receptors (RAR) belong to the same nuclear receptor superfamily as thyroid hormone receptors (TR) that were previously shown to be modulated by dietary soy protein isolate (SPI). This study has examined the effect of dietary SPI and isoflavones (ISF) on hepatic RAR gene expression and DNA binding activity. In Expt. 1, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 20% casein or 20%...

Climate change has caused droughts to increase in frequency and severity worldwide, which attracted scientists create drought prediction models mitigate the impacts of droughts. One most important challenges addressing is developing accurate predict their discrete characteristics, i.e., occurrence, duration, severity. The current research examined performance several different machine learning ...