Charles Sims has asked whether or not, for a free group F , the lower central subgroup γn(F ) coincides with the normal closure in F of the set of basic commutators of weight n. In this paper, we will show that Sims’ question has a positive answer when n = 5. The longest part of the proof is showing that this is true when F has rank 3. Once this is known, the results for higher ranks follow fai...

This paper studies the viability of making a country a developmental state. In particular it studies the characteristics of a developmental state and how they are linked to technology. It then identifies technical education, as a vital force for the creation of a developmental state. In particular it identifies analytical, numeracy, computational and communication skills as vital forces for a s...

BACKGROUND The study on SIMS and SMUS as a whole by Alyaa Mostafa et al showed that after excluding the TVT-S sling, there is no significant difference in patient-reported cure rate and objective cure rate between these two methods. In this paper, we systematically evaluate the relevant data on SIMS-Ajust and TVT-O/TOT and further confirm their safety and effectiveness, providing reliable clini...

The Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) is one of a number of recently developed instruments designed to identify persons exaggerating and/or fabricating psychiatric and cognitive symptomatology. Preliminary analog research indicated that the SIMS showed some promise as a screening device for identifying malingerers. This study examined the utility of the SIMS for identifyi...

Genesis DoS wafers are amorphous, anhydrous, tetrahedrally-coordinated diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on silicon wafers [1, 2]. Using these wafers, excellent analytical results were achieved quickly after the Genesis return for noble gasses using laser ablation [3]. Yet, obtaining precise and accurate analyses by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) has been problematic for a decade -even wh...

Bioanalytical imaging techniques have been employed to investigate cellular composition at the single-cell and subcellular regimes. Four imaging modes have been performed sequentially in situ to demonstrate the utility of a more integrated approach to imaging cells. The combination of bright-field, scanning ion, and fluorescence microscopy complements TOF-SIMS imaging of native biomolecules. Br...

Dopant depth profiling and dose determination are essential for ultrashallow junction technology development. However they pose a challenge to the widely used dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy SIMS technique that suffers uncertainties due to an initial transient width comparable to the dopant depth distribution. In this work the authors report on the application of grazing incidence x-ray...