Numerous cyanobacterial species are capable of producing potent toxins, which have been known to cause intoxications and fatalities in wildlife, livestock and humans. Microcystis is amongst the most ubiquitously distributed blue-green algal genus and almost invariably produces cyclic heptapeptide toxins called microcystins (MC). These toxins are highly persistent in water (several weeks). Highe...

OBJECTIVES To examine the association of employment status and characteristics with prevalent and incident memory complaints (MC) in 55-64-year-olds. METHODS Subjects were participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Respondents with baseline data were selected to examine the association of employment status (n = 1525) and employment characteristics (n = 1071) with prevalent...

Several sub-Saharan African countries, including Zambia, have initiated national voluntary medical male circumcision (MC) programs to reduce HIV incidence. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty female sex workers (FSWs) in Lusaka to examine their understanding of MC and experiences with circumcised clients. Knowledge of MC was derived primarily through informal sources, with very few F...

Tissue distributions and seasonal dynamics of glutathione and cysteine S-conjugates of microcystin-RR in feral fish from Lake Taihu were studied. High MC-RR-Cys was found in tissues, Mean MC-RR-Cys in kidney (0.253 μg g(-1) DW) was 4 times of that in liver (0.063 μg g(-1) DW). Ratios of MC-RR-Cys/MC-RR in liver/kidney reached as high as 5.3/39.8, respectively, meanwhile, kidney showed low accum...

The Hartbeespoort (HBP) Dam is a reservoir used for agricultural, domestic supply of raw potable water and recreational activities in South Africa's North-West Province. Eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms have long been a cause of water-quality problems in this reservoir. The most prevalent bloom-forming species is Microcystis aeruginosa, often producing the toxin microcystin, a hepatotox...

Numerical studies of the interplanetary “shock overtaking magnetic cloud (MC)” event are continued by a 2.5 dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model in heliospheric meridional plane. Interplanetary direct collision (DC)/oblique collision (OC) between an MC and a shock results from their same/different initial propagation orientations. For radially erupted MC and shock in solar corona, the or...